封堵“高考移民”事件的行政法思考

“高考移民”现象由来已久 ,引发许多社会问题。2 0 0 3年高考前夕 ,各地纷纷出台封堵“高考移民”的政策 ,造成很大社会影响 ,社会各界人士发表的看法仅从教育政策的视角出发。应契合建设法治国家的需要出发 ,从行政法角度对这一问题进行深层法理思考 ,并探讨此次事件所揭示出的我国行政法治上存在的诸多问题。     

军事法:法学与军事学冲突之解决与建构--兼与杨韧、李剑同志商榷

军事法既然属于法律范畴,就具有法的基本特征,其构成必须具有法的要素,同时也应体现法的主要价值追求.军事法学属于法学的一个分支学科,应遵循法学的研究规律和研究范式.同时,法治是军队正规化建设的核心内容、基本标志和根本保障,军事需要与法治是可以相融的.     

Attitudes Toward a Military Enforcement of Human Rights

In recent years, Western countries and NATO have repeatedly intervened in international conflicts using military means (e.g., Kosovo, Macedonia, and Afghanistan). The countries involved in these military operations have stated that these interventions did not serve strategic goals; instead, their prime purpose was to enforce human rights. Against this background the present paper aims to answer two main questions: First, how can attitudes toward such military interventions be measured? Second, how are these attitudes related to prosocial and antisocial personality dispositions? Two studies were conducted to address these questions. A first study with 275 university students from Germany enabled us to develop a short and reliable scale to measure attitudes toward the military enforcement of human right. A second study (N = 190) revealed that authoritarianism and the willingness to aggressively sanction the antisocial behavior of others were positively related to this attitude, while no significant relationship with prosocial dispositions emerged. Furthermore, it could be shown that a high concern for human rights only then was connected to a positive attitude toward their military enforcement if persons indicated to handle their daily conflicts in an aggressive manner.

     

民事非法证据排除问题初探——兼评《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第68条

对民事非法证据的排除 ,反映了民事诉讼对程序权利和宪法权利问题的关注正日益上升。而民事非法证据排除的具体内容 ,则与一国的诉讼体制和诉讼传统密切相关。作者认为 ,首先 ,为了实现程序公正 ,就要对非法证据予以排除 ;同时 ,为了保证民事诉讼目的的全面实现 ,就应在刚性规定之外 ,给法官提供一定的自由裁量的空间 ;此外 ,为了避免审理法官受非法证据的不当影响 ,应将非法证据排除在庭审之外 ,并对非法证据的证明标准进行明确     

中国地方政府创新的类型学:基于"控制-嵌入-规范"框架的分析

府际结构、政社关系与行政文化是理解地方政府创新的关键变量,并构成了地方政府创新的"控制-嵌入-规范"框架。基于此框架,区分了三种典型的地方政府创新模式:中央主导型创新、地方回应型创新和地方自发型创新,并对三种地方政府创新的特征、优势及局限等进行了对比。创新类型的差异实则是地方政府创新核心机制和关键变量的区别。分析表明,控制、嵌入和规范机制对地方政府创新的内在逻辑有较强的解释力。而该类型学划分在理论上部分回应了当前有关中国地方治理模式的讨论,在经验上为进一步通过地方政府创新推动地方治理现代化提供了参考。     

Coercive capacity,land reform and political order in Afghanistan

This article compares four historical periods in Afghanistan to better understand whether land reform in the post-2001 context will improve prospects for political order. Its central finding is that political order can be established without land reform provided that the state is able to establish and maintain coercive capacity. However, the cost of establishing political order mainly through coercion is very low levels of economic development. We also find that when land reform was implemented in periods of weak or declining coercive capacity, political disorder resulted from grievances unrelated to land issues. In addition, land reforms implemented in the context of highly centralized political institutions increased property insecurity. This suggests the importance of investing in coercive capacity alongside land reform in the current context but also that establishing inclusive political institutions prior to land reform will increase its chances of success.     

Determinants of young people’s civic and political participation in Turkey

This special section provides a timely reflection on current debates that are of extreme relevance in order to gain a better understanding of the concepts of citizenship and active citizenship in Turkey, by looking at the determinants of civic and political participation, at the patterns of political and civic mobilization and at the orientations of political behaviour. Its originality stands on the specific focus on young people in comparison to other age groups. The different papers remark upon the importance that the reframing of the notions of citizenship and active citizenship have in the Turkish context along with the determinants that make this remark more relevant than ever.     

The dog that did not bark: the army and the emergency in India

In June 1975, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed Emergency rule, capping off a decade long process of the ‘deinstitutionalisation’ of the founding Congress party, increased social mobilisation, and political instability – factors generally considered conducive to military intervention in politics. Organisational factors encouraging military praetorianism, such as military involvement in internal security missions and the growth of ‘rival’ paramilitary institutions, accompanied this process of political decay. But the Indian military did not exploit this window of opportunity. This article offers an institutionalist explanation of the military’s political restraint based on two factors. First, institutionalised mechanisms of civilian control, forged during the critical juncture following independence, insulated the military from politics and the politicians from the military despite the weakening of the political system under which these were created. Second, military internalisation of the norm civilian supremacy, continually reinforced via professional socialisation processes, acted as an internal barrier to military role expansion.     

中国地级市政府相对集中行政许可权改革研究——以河北省地级市为例

相对集中行政许可权改革是"放管服"改革的突破口,是提高政府行政审批效率、便利企业和群众办事、进一步激发市场和社会活力的关键举措。中国相对集中行政许可权改革主要在地级市政府展开,在具体推进过程中,普遍缺乏对"相对集中"标准的把握。文章从基本概念出发,将相对集中行政许可权区分为横向相对集中行政许可权和纵向相对集中行政许可权,以此为基础分析河北省各地级市相对集中行政许可权改革的现状和问题,最后给出地级市政府推进相对集中行政许可权改革的政策建议。     

健全行政执法检察监督机制的路径探析

"穿透式"行政检察监督是指检察机关从监督法院行政审判活动穿透至监督行政机关作出的行政行为。为进一步推动检察机关做实行政检察工作,做到"一手托两家",促进依法行政,建议从"穿透式"行政检察监督面临的困境、监督的必要性及可行性、监督的范围及对象、监督的方式及手段、监督机制的构建等方面对狭义行政执法检察监督的定位与界限进行探索,从而为推进社会治理现代化进程提供可行的建议。