Personal identification of cold case remains through combined contribution from anthropological, mtDNA, and bomb-pulse dating analyses

In 1968, a child's cranium was recovered from the banks of a northern Canadian river and held in a trust until the "cold case" was reopened in 2005. The cranium underwent reanalysis at the Centre for Forensic Research, Simon Fraser University, using recently developed anthropological analysis, "bomb-pulse" radiocarbon analysis, and forensic DNA techniques. Craniometrics, skeletal ossification, and dental formation indicated an age-at-death of 4.4 ± 1 year. Radiocarbon analysis of enamel from two teeth indicated a year of birth between 1958 and 1962. Forensic DNA analysis indicated the child was a male, and the obtained mitochondrial profile matched a living maternal relative to the presumed missing child. These multidisciplinary analyses resulted in a legal identification 41 years after the discovery of the remains, highlighting the enormous potential of combining radiocarbon analysis with anthropological and mtDNA analyses in producing confident personal identifications for forensic cold cases dating to within the last 60 years.     

WTO中的公共道德例外条款分析

多边贸易协定一个重要目的就是消除贸易壁垒,实现贸易自由化。但是有时过度地追求贸易自由可能会给一国的公共道德造成威胁。因此,在多边贸易协定中往往内含了一些可以豁免缔约方缔约义务的例外条款。缔约方为了保护本国的公共道德,可以援引这些例外条款来对抗其他缔约方的指控。在WTO中,公共道德例外主要体现在GATT第20条﹙a﹚和GATS第14条﹙a﹚。另外,在《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第27条第2款和《政府采购协定》第23条第2款中也规定了这种例外。     

强奸致孕形成部分性葡萄胎的检验分析

目的探讨强奸致孕案葡萄胎组织的DNA检验和STR结果分析。方法用DNA Typer TM15试剂盒对犯罪嫌疑人、受害人血样和流产胚胎组织进行荧光复合STR基因座扩增检测。结果检测的一例流产胚胎组织DNA的STR峰谱表现出部分3条带,且3条带中有两个等位基因来源于犯罪嫌疑人,另外一个来源于受害人,推断为单卵双精子受精的部分性葡萄胎。结论应用STR分型技术可以推断葡萄胎的DNA来源和受精类型,为亲缘关系鉴定提供依据。     

检察机关案件管理机制之法理探讨

检察机关案件管理机制的建立是检察机关创新工作思路、转变工作方式、改革工作体制的一项重要内容,使检察机关执法办案行为更加规范化、合法化,提高案件办理质量和效率,提升执法公信力。为了进一步规范执法办案行为,强化检察内部监督,有必要对案件管理机制从法经济学和法理学两个层面进行探讨,以使其运行能确保检察权的良性运行。     

隐私权视野下的网上公开裁判文书之限

裁判文书的上网是落实审判公开的一项有力措施,但其对隐私权的威胁亦不容忽视。裁判文书的全文上网原则上应预先获得当事人的同意,当然,若裁判文书涉及公共利益,则隐私权也应受到限制。但因公共利益的需要而将裁判文书上网时,仍应对具有可识别性的个人信息和其他重要信息予以保密。被害人、证人、未成年人的隐私权应予特殊保护。调解书原则上不应通过网络公开。     

合同诈骗案件侦查的取证与讯问要略

合同诈骗犯罪危害严重,此类案件侦查一般分两个阶段：缉捕犯罪嫌疑人前,应注重对被害人、相关证人等全面调查取证;犯罪嫌疑人到案后,应及时进行讯问,做到合法、全面、细致地获取其口供.     

法治中国建设视阈下的合议庭制度改革探究

我国法院审判组织包括审判委员会、合议庭和独任审判员。合议庭制度改革,是每一轮司法改革中都会涉及的领域。但是,由于外部环境和配套机制的制约,合议庭制度改革虽然看上去在不断进行和深化,而实际上总是未能完全实现所追求的独立、公平、民主、专业的让审理者裁判、由裁判者负责的目标,审者不判、判者不审等审判行政化以及合而不议、陪而不审等合议庭形合实独、权责不明等问题依然普遍。因此,如何结合我国法院的改革实践,探讨出一些我国合议庭制度改革的建议就显得尤为重要。     

民事法律适用中的思维模式再构造

传统大陆法系法官所奉行的演绎推理下的三段论思维模式面对简单案件是有效的,但是在疑难案件的审理中,由于三段论推理所要求的逻辑严密性,普适性的法律规则难以保证三段论推理中大前提的"真理性",因此需要对三段论的思维模式进行改造,在法律适用中区分法律问题与事实问题,在法律问题与事实问题的互动中,推动法律适用的进程,从而保证判决的公正性.     

The Search for “Fred”: An Unusual Vertical Burial Case,

Police witness intelligence stated a murdered adult male “Fred” had been vertically buried in wooded hilly terrain 30 years ago in the Midlands, U.K. Conventional search methods were unsuccessful; therefore, the police requested a geophysical investigation to be undertaken to determine whether “Fred” could be detected. A multiphased geophysical approach was conducted, using bulk ground conductivity and metal detectors, then follow‐up magnetics and ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey profiles on electromagnetic (EM) anomalous areas. A tight grid pattern was used to account for the reduced target size. Relatively high‐resolution EM and GPR techniques were determined optimal for this terrain and sandy soil. Geophysical anomalies were identified and the most promising intrusively investigated, and this was found to be a large boulder and tree roots. Study implications suggest careful multiphase geophysical surveys are best practice and give confidence in cold case searches. This study yielded a no‐body result, effectively saving police time and costs from further investigations.     

论“办案信息共享平台”建设及对公安讯问新挑战

跨公检法的“办案信息共享平台”建设从提出以来，不同模式先后在实际运行并各有利弊。从应然价值定位角度评析现有模式，并就平台建设主体、客体范围、运行规则方面展望其发展方向。在此背景下，刑事案件办理的关键节点均将嵌入平台，建议进行讯问同步录音像等制度“平台留痕化”相关改革，为侦查终结前讯问合法性核查等制度构建提供便利。侦查讯问行为将受到更严格的过程性监督与合法性考验，提出若干机制和具体措施应对公安侦查讯问新挑战。