Position Effect on Facial Soft Tissue Depths: A Sonographic Investigation

The head is positioned erect for an approximation; yet most facial soft tissue depths (FSTD) used are measured from supine subjects. Depth difference might be significant, but there is a paucity of data to verify. This study compared erect and supine values for 17 landmarks from 30 healthy New Zealand (European population affinity) women (18–30 or 40–55 years) in erect then supine positions. Height, weight, and sonographic FSTD data, totaling 1020 measurements, were obtained. Three midline and seven averaged bilateral values were compared using ANOVA, p values, and Pearson's correlations. Correlative strength of age and body mass index, BMI (kg/m²), was determined by values. Results showed averaged erect and supine differences were significant for four of ten FSTDs. Between individuals, difference was various and not unidirectional. In conclusion, depth differences were observed but not all significant or unidirectional, BMI significantly influenced nine FSTD values, but age group did not.     

论构建和谐社会视野下的流动人口管理与服务

改革开放30年来,流动人口对社会经济发展作出了巨大贡献。但是,由于人们思想认识上的偏差和社会保障制度的缺失,流动人口工作还存在许多问题。在建设和谐社会的大背景下,为做好流动人口工作,应坚持“公平对待、合理引导、完善管理、搞好服务”的原则,以人为本,在服务中实施管理、在管理中体现服务。     

Competing Risks, Persistence, and Desistance in Analyzing Recidivism

A statistical procedure is developed to analyze recidivism in samples whichare subject to the presence of desisters and to multiple modes ofreconviction. This allows for a more accurate study of individuals'transition and hazard in the type and timing of offenses following aspecific type of conviction. The use of a nonparametric approach forinvestigating failure in the presence of other acting causes is shown;initial estimators of the probabilities of reconviction for different typesof offenses are obtained, and the method can be used both to display thedata and to choose an appropriate parametric family for the survivaltimes. An exponential mixture model for competing risks is presented insuch a way that it allows us to adjust for concomitant variables and toassess their effects on the probabilities both of reconviction forpredetermined types of offenses and desistance and of the hazards ofreconviction; a method for assessing calibration of predicted survivalprobabilities is suggested. A 21-year follow-up of persons convicted ofindecent assault on a female in 1973 illustrates the methods; we find ahigh probability of sexual reconviction for individuals with previoussexual convictions and evidence of diversity and a raised hazard ofreconviction for young chronic offenders.     

老龄化是新世纪我国面临的严峻挑战

本首先展望了21世纪我国人口老龄化的发展前景,指出在未来50年中,我国将处于高速度、高水平的老龄化发展进程之中,65岁及以上老年人口将从8000多万增至3亿以上,这对尚处于社会主义初级阶段的国家来说,无疑是个巨大冲击和严峻挑战;分析了老龄化的特殊性及其对社会经济发展所带来的深刻影响和至关重要的制久作用;提出了迎接老龄化挑战是个关系全局性、战略性的重大问题,必须采取有中国特色的正确战略选择。     

未来二十年辽宁流动人口犯罪的发展变化预测

未来二十年,辽宁流动人口犯罪将继续保持增长势头,上升比率会随政府相关政策调整有所下降;侵财类案件仍在各类案件中处于高发势头,伤害类案件会有所上升;团伙犯罪及重大、恶性案件的构成比例将有所增加。面对这种发展趋势,形势不容乐观。     

流动人口犯罪对辽宁社会稳定的影响

当前我国正处在社会转型时期,流动人口犯罪已经严重影响到社会的改革、发展与稳定。文章通过对辽宁某些城市流动人口犯罪状况的分析,阐述了流动人口犯罪对辽宁社会经济、管理、治安、文化的影响,以期达到抑制流动人口犯罪、维护社会稳定的目的。     

退休政策的经济学分析及调整

退休政策通过影响劳动力的投入和养老负担对社会产出和就业人口、退休人口的福利水平产生影响，因此要对退休政策进行调整须进行较为充分的经济论证。研究对单人经济的退休年龄分析显示：存在一个基于个人一生效用最大化的“最佳”退休年龄，可合理平衡一生总产出和退休后的休闲。同理，一个多人经济社会也存在一个平均的“最佳”退休年龄。研究的结论如下：现有的退休年龄政策背景下，中国将面临日益沉重的养老负担，说明中国的退休年龄政策亟须调整；延迟退休年龄至少在长期对就业无负面影响，且可增加GDP:将暂时多余的社保基金用于金融投资无助于社会养老负担的缓解，养老金空账运行并无问题。为完善中国的退休政策，研究提出适时延长退休年龄、提高养老金标准和降低养老保险费率、对职工上缴的养老保险实施记账等建议。     

流动人群未成年人犯罪防控机制的构建

由于升学、就业、社会保障等方面存在的差别待遇,户籍在社会群体的分野中发挥重要作用。在犯罪学中将流动人群作为研究犯罪成因和防控的特定社会群体,有着现实的意义。未成年人犯罪问题日益为社会所关注,而流动人群中的未成年人受到所处环境等因素的影响,犯罪呈高发、上升态势,严重影响未成年人的身心健康和社会稳定。除了从犯罪遏制力、社区矫正等方面探讨流动人群未成年人犯罪的预防与控制外,我们还应结合流动人群未成年人的特殊性,采取必要的辅助手段。     

Haplotype data for the 12 RM Y-STR loci in a Syrian population

Researches with RM Y-STRs have shown that these loci provide substantially higher haplotype diversity and haplotype discrimination capacity in worldwide populations when compared with the YSTRs commonly used in genetic forensics. The aim of this study was to develop an allelic frequency database for the Syrian population living in Turkey in order to obtain population data of 12 RM Y-STRs. A total of 80 unrelated males from the Syrian population living in Turkey were typed with 12 RM Y-STRs loci: DYF387S1, DYF399S1, DYF404S1, DYS449, DYS518, DYS526a/b, DYS547, DYS570, DYS576, DYS612, DYS626 and DYS627. The highest GD was observed for the locus DYF399S1 (0.91), followed by loci DYS449 (0.86) and DYS518 (0.83). RM Y-STR haplotype diversity was found 1.00 in these samples. Based on the results of this study, the RM YSTR loci showed remarkable haplotype resolution power in the Syrian population, high genetic diversity and, therefore, demonstrating their usefulness in forensic identification cases.     

Genetic variation of high-altitude Ecuadorian population using autosomal STR markers

Fifteen autosomal STRs were analyze in order to elucidate the differences between low and high land Ecuadorian population. Seven Ecuadorian geographic areas (Tisaleo-Mocha, Cañar, Quito, Rocafuerte, Santa Rosa, Guayaquil and Lago Agrio) from different altitude were selected for the study. After the analysis, little genetic distances were observed between all cities, the more distant cities (F_ST = 0.02354) were Rocafuerte at an elevation of 17 m.a.s.l. and Quito at 2850 m.a.s.l. and the similar cities (F_ST = 0.00033) were Rocafuerte (17 m.a.s.l.) and Santa Rosa (10 m.a.s.l). In conclusion, there is not a great genetic distance in the 15 STRs reported in high and low land Ecuadorian population, therefore previously reported frequencies could been used in identification and paternity cases under analysis.