我国户籍制度改革动因探析

中国现行的户籍制度,以旧时的计划经济为背景,以人为划分人们之间的等级差异,强化个人差别待遇为特点,与现代构建和谐社会的要求已经不相适应。我们今天在社会生活里于户籍方面遭遇到的诸多困扰,意味着这个现行制度已经暴露出越来越多的问题。具体来说,体现在几个方面:一、对我国市场经济发展中城乡劳动力的分割导致了人力资源的配置失衡;二、阻碍、延缓了我国城镇化与农村人口重心转移;三、现实生活中职业与身份的分离产生社会实体性农民与制度设置性农民的角色错位;四、户籍管理缺位带来预期目标与实际效果的偏离。     

Sweden in 1930 and the 1930 census

The primary goal of censuses has always been to collect reliable information on the state’s population and provide a basis for governmental decision-making. This study examines the categories used in the 1930 census and links them to the context in which they were generated. We treat the census as a tool of state power, which can be discerned from the definitions of its categories and the way in which statistics are collected and used. The guiding question of the study was “how does the 1930 census differ from previous censuses and how can these differences and changes be explained?” We find that as in earlier censuses, Statistics Sweden used extracts from the parish books on the individual level to collect information for the 1930 census, but also used diverse supplementary sources including tax registers, income tax returns and language surveys. Thus, unlike in most countries, Sweden did not send out census takers or questionnaires to the population. Many of the new or updated variables we see in the 1930 census such as income, wealth, and number of children born, can be related to the political and social debate concerning the poor working class and the establishment of the welfare state. The inclusion of categories such as ethnicity, religion, and foreign nationality can be seen as part of a normative approach wanting to control, monitor and correct deviant elements of the Swedish population.

Sweden has several extraordinary longitudinal population databases built on the country’s excellent parish registers dating back to the 18th century. While the Swedish censuses have rarely been used as sources of data for historical analysis, this work demonstrates that the 1930 census has great potential to support new research.     

论流动人口犯罪的心理特征及其心理预防

流动人口犯罪主体作为一个群体,当这个群体的犯罪行为方式经常、反复、呈稳定状态出现的时候,便构成了一个群体的人格特征。流动人口犯罪的犯罪心理也呈现出自身的特点。从这种心理特征出发,我们可以找到流动人口犯罪的内在规律,而且,流动人口犯罪是一个社会问题,有其深层的社会原因,研究流动人口犯罪心理特征更可以探求流动人口犯罪心理形成的社会根源,从而从多方面努力来防治流动人口犯罪。     

试析城市少数民族流动人口违法犯罪的特点——基于对兰州市的实地调查

少数民族流动人口作为流动人口的特殊而又重要的组成部分,其中的一些人给城市带来了一定的违法犯罪问题,影响了城市社会的安定团结。少数民族流动人口违法犯罪既不完全同于少数民族违法犯罪,也不完全同于流动人口违法犯罪,而是兼具二者的特点。基于对兰州市的实地调查,可概括出城市少数民族流动人口违法犯罪具有区域集中、以侵财型为主、手段暴力化、共同犯罪与团伙犯罪较多、多次作案与连续作案并存、女性犯罪时有发生、犯罪低龄化以及毒品违法犯罪猖獗等特点。     

社区视角下的农民工犯罪问题研究

当前,以农民工为主体的流动人口犯罪,已成为城市犯罪的一个重要组成部分。从社区的角度进行分析,城市社区的"区隔化现象"影响了农民工与城市生活的融合,构成了其犯罪的重要原因之一;城市中"二元社区"的存在,加大了农民工的反社会倾向;农民工的非正式社会控制解体,弱化了对其行为的天然监督机制。为此,需要弥合城市社区的分化现象,重视对进城农民工的社区服务,鼓励农民工积极参与社区公共生活。     

当前农村留存人口结构对社会发展的影响及其对策——基于结构功能主义视角

改革开放和社会流动促使许多青壮年农民离开家乡外出务工或经商,致使当前农村留存人口结构出现了老弱病残幼人口为主体的状况,农业社会传统人口结构改变以后,传统功能呈现弱化态势。根据功能主义理论,社会系统有其自我结构和功能修复的能力,使之始终处于平衡状态。可以通过深化农村土地改革、社会资源重新配置和调整等方式,促使农业社会的功能尽快恢复新的平衡。     

我国农业转移人口市民化路径探讨简

随着城市化进程的加快,我国农业转移人口的转移速度也在加快.农业转移人口应当享有的政治、经济、社会、文化权利以及社会福利保障与城市居民相比依然存在很大差距,这就使得农业转移人口转移到城市后遇到诸多问题.本文从我国农业转移人口现实情况的分析入手,探讨了农业转移人口市民化的路径.     

人口老龄化背景下的养老事业发展研究

随着我国人口老龄化加剧,推进养老事业发展意义重大,它不仅有利于满足群众养老需求,也是惠民生促和谐的社会发展的内在需求,还是拉动经济增长的新的动力源。但由于我国养老事业发展起步较晚,依然存在诸如对养老事业发展认识不足、缺乏发展规划、养老服务供给不足、养老服务从业人员队伍建设滞后等问题,致使养老服务难以满足日益增长的养老需求。当前迫切需要解决这些问题,推动养老事业发展,提供养老资源更多可及性,提高养老服务水平。     

Long Bone (Humerus,Femur, Tibia) Measuring Procedure in Cadavers

In this work, we present a measuring methodology for long bones of the limbs (humerus, femur, and tibia) of human corpses. Measurements of cadaveric height and long bone lengths were conducted on 72 corpses (20 females and 52 males) from the School of Medicine at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Additionally, these measurements were compared with those taken from dry bones of a subsample of individuals. Our results show marginal differences (TEM% = 0.59) between cadaveric and dry bone measurements, resulting from different osteometric technical procedures. This note outlines the measuring methodology, which will be subsequently used to create regression formulas for stature estimation.     

吉林省人口老龄化问题研究

目前,吉林省的老龄人口呈逐年增长的态势,因此,分析吉林省人口老龄化的现状及未来发展趋势,关注人口老龄化问题,对于吉林省经济社会的可持续发展有着重要的战略意义,本文针对人口老龄化给吉林省经济社会发展带来的一系列问题,提出了吉林省应对人口老龄化问题的可行性对策。