近20年英美哲学的最新进展(下)

2、实在论.在当代美国哲学家看来,实在论、自然主义和实用主义在哲学基本倾向上是一致的,它们之间的关系可以解释为,是一种以实用主义为主导精神,以实在论为基本态度,以自然主义为思想方法的美国特有的生活方式.在当代美国哲学中,实在论和实用主义构成了一幅美国哲学的未来图景.当今美国哲学中的一种重要动向,就是实用主义实在论的兴起.2000年10月在美国纽约布法罗州立大学举行的"美国实用自然主义传统中的实在论的未来"国际研讨会,就充分体现了这样一种倾向.例如,默菲(Mur-ray G. Murphey)指出,实用主义不是要揭示世界的真实情况,而是要说明人类对环境做出有限反应的能力,例如人类根据自己的兴趣或态度对某种所与物(the giyen)作出选择.这里并不涉及真实世界的独立存在问题,而仅仅涉及到外在事物对人类感官产生的感觉刺激,也就是知觉(perception)过程.罗森塔尔(Sandra B. Rosenthal)明确地把实用主义与实在论联系起来.     

多维透析青年道德规范的特殊性

青年道德规范是青年在社会道德生活中的行动准则和行为标准,青年道德规范的特殊性主要表现在规范导向的时代感(点)、规范要求的层次性(面)、规范目标的前瞻性(线)。     

The Modern Meaning of Ancient Heroes：On the Emotion and Teaching in William Butler Yeats‘ On Baile’s Strand

Yeats’On Baile’s Strand is an important work in the Irish Literary Revival. On Baile’s Strand is a thought-provoking ethical tragedy, and also a play that reflects the ideology of cultural nationalism of Yeats. In this play there is staged development from natural emotion, free emotion to ethical emotion and moral emotion. Cuchulain is motivated by his natural emotion and free emotion in most cases. He fails to take the ethical responsibility as a husband, father and little king, which aroused the jealousy, revenge and incrimination from Aoife and Conchubar. After killing his own son who he has never seen, Cuchulain regains his ration. His ethical emotion and moral emotion makes it impossible for him to withstand his guilt, even though he fights bravely in hundreds of wars and has killed numerous people. Finally, he goes to madness, and throws himself into the sea to fight against the waves. With Cuchulain’s tragedy of filicide and madness in On Baile’s Strand, Yeats warns Irish people of improving their morality and education, so as to promote the Irish national independence and national liberation.     

当代公务员道德建设的视角、原则和路径

公务员的道德水平关系着行政活动的成效、经济社会的发展和全社会道德水准的提高。建设与中华民族伟大复兴的要求相适应的中国特色公务员道德体系,对当代中国公务员道德水平的提高具有重要的现实意义。     

论正确继承和弘扬中国革命道德传统

中国革命道德传统是中华民族思想文化和伦理道德发展中的宝贵精神财富，是中国特色社会主义道德建设的重要思想源泉。在新时期、新形势下，应当科学认识中国革命道德传统的形成与发展，全面把握中国革命传统道德的主要内容，了解继承和弘扬中国革命道德传统的现实意义，大力推进社会主义文化强国建设特别是中国特色社会主义道德建设，提高广大社会成员的精神文明水平和思想道德素质。     

论竞技体育与思想政治教育的良性互动

思想政治教育与我国竞技体育事业的持续健康发展关系密切。实践证明,使二者实现良性互动具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。在新形势下,应从实际出发,既正确认识并充分发挥思想政治教育对竞技体育发展的促进和保障作用,又努力挖掘并积极用好竞技体育中蕴含的丰富的思想政治教育资源。     

Transphobic discourse and moral panic convergence: A content analysis of my hate mail

Recently, new social anxieties about transgender people have begun to emerge, framed as an issue of “grooming”—a term typically used in the context of child sexual abuse. In this way, moral panic about transgender people seems to be merging with oft-repeated social fears about pedophilia, resulting not only in policies criminalizing trans people and their allies but also in escalating hatred and threats toward trans-affirming educators. This pattern requires further inquiry. As a trans academic who has been at the center of moral panic, my own hate mail can provide material for this exploration. I conducted a content analysis of 231 letters and e-mails sent to me containing messages of hate, to answer the following research questions:

1. What beliefs and understandings did my correspondents indicate having about me and my research?
2. To what extent did my correspondents’ beliefs and understandings about me reflect intersecting contemporary moral panics around trans and queer people, pedophilia, and educators?
3. What stated or implied goals did my correspondents aim to achieve by writing to me?

The findings of this study can add to understanding of how moral panics can converge, and the consequences of their convergence for marginalized groups in academia and beyond.     

“助人行为”的法律保障制度探析

近年来,一系列因＂助人行为＂反被诬陷的案件时有发生。当今的中国,正处于社会转型期之中,公民的道德建设尚未完全实现,而法律在社会生活中具有着一定的引导作用,如何运用法律在维护人们正当权益的同时,也引导着道德建设,值得人们去关注。本文介绍了中国古代关于＂助人行为＂立法、美国《好撒玛利亚人法》以及现行法律对＂助人行为＂立法的情况,指出了立法层面上的缺陷,进而提出了合理化的对策和建议。     

道德信仰危机及其破解之道

道德信仰在情感层面体现为对道德的终极关怀,在理智层面体现为对道德的超越性的理性把握,是社会不可或缺的精神支撑。但转型时期我国道德信仰危机日益严重,如非道德主义、官德的日趋下滑等,导致人们道德信仰失落与无所适从。分析道德信仰危机根源,按道德信仰规律"重建"社会基本道德信仰,是践行社会主义核心价值观的前提和基础。     

生态文明视域下的领导干部权力道德建设

生态文明的本质是实现人与人、人与社会、人与自然之间的和谐共生。面向生态文明,领导干部权力道德建设需要突出以人为本和关爱自然的精神理念,树立权力生态道德观。当前,生态文明视域下推进领导干部权力道德建设,需要从权力价值观、权力道德机制和权力道德领域等方面促进领导干部权力道德模式变革,从而推动整个社会走上生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。