诺齐克的边际道德观述评——兼谈自由主义的个人自由的局限

诺齐克的边际道德是国家和社会组织行为的最大值,并且在该最大值的范围内有效地调节着个人之间自由权的行使,以实现个人最大可能的自由.本文指出了诺齐克的边际道德理论内涵,以及它怎样调节国家组织的行为和个人自由权的实现,并指出了诺齐克理论中存在的一些不足之处.尽管存在这些不足之处,但是不能否认的是诺齐克的边际道德理论确切地为社会和个人提出了一种行为标准,从而丰富了西方的自由民主理论,对社会主义民主的发展也有一定的借鉴作用.     

Construct Validity of Adolescent Antisocial Personality Disorder

This study examined the construct validity of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) diagnosed in adolescence. Boys and girls were grouped by history of DSM-III-R conduct disorder (CD) and ASPD: Controls (n=340) had neither diagnosis; CD Only (n=77) had CD by age 17 but no ASPD through age 20; Adolescent ASPD (n = 64) had ASPD by age 17. The Adolescent ASPD group was then compared to 20 young adult men who met criteria for ASPD (ASPD group). As expected, the Adolescent ASPD group had significantly more depression and substance use disorders, a greater performance>verbal IQ discrepancy, more deviant peers, and poorer academic functioning than the CD Only group and Controls. The Adolescent ASPD and ASPD groups did not differ on most variables. Results support the construct validity of Adolescent ASPD and suggest that such a diagnosis could help identify adolescents at risk for persistent antisocial behavior. Jeanette Taylor is an Assistant Professor at Florida State University. She received her Ph.D. in 1999 from the University of Minnesota. Her research examines biological, cognitive, and environmental influences on personality disorders and substance use disorders. Irene J. Elkins is a Co-investigator at the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research. She received her Ph.D. in 1993 from the University of Kansas and is a member of the Society for Research on Psychopathology. Her major research interests include the relationship of personality, ADHD, and antisocial behavior to substance abuse, as well as gene-environment interrelationships. Lisa Legrand is a Research Associate with the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research at the University of Minnesota. She received her Ph.D. in 2003 from the University of Minnesota. Her major research interests include gene-environment interplay in the development of externalizing psychopathology. Dawn Peuschold is a Senior Clinical Forensic Psychologist at the Hennepin Country District Court and an instructor at the University of Minnesota. She completed a post-doctoral fellowship in forensic psychology at the University of Massachusetts Medical School after receiving her Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Minnesota. She is interested in risk factors for reoffense in juveniles. William G. Iacono is a Distinguished McKnight University Professor at the University of Minnesota, the institution from which he received his Ph.D. in psychology. He conducts longitudinal studies of adolescent twins and adoptees aimed at understanding the development of adult adjustment and mental health.     

A Rationale and Method for Examining Reasons for Linkages Among Adolescent Risk Behaviors

A large volume of research has investigated interrelations among adolescent risk behaviors. Although several theoretical accounts have been proposed, researchers have not directly examined hypotheses for why risk behaviors are linked. In the present paper, a distinction is drawn between predictive factors that explain variance in risk behaviors and “linkage factors” which may provide an explanation for why risk behaviors are interrelated. The relevance of linkage factors to risk behavior research, theory, and practice is described. Further, a simple to use and easy to interpret analytic technique for exploring linkage-related issues is illustrated. Using this technique, hypotheses regarding the role of predictors in explaining linkages among risk behaviors can be tested directly. The proposed line of inquiry will provide valuable input for intervention efforts and theoretically relevant information concerning linkages among adolescent risk behaviors. Research Associate at the Brock Research Institute for Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. He received his M.A. in Clinical Psychology from the University of North Dakota. His major research interests are adolescent risk behavior involvement and youth activity involvement as a context for positive development. Professor in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from the University of Waterloo. Her major research interests include adolescent risk taking and resilience, including academic underachievement and media/technology influences on lifestyle choices and learning. Assistant Professor in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Brock University. Her major research interests are adolescent risk-behavior involvement, particularly related to gambling, and risk and resilience.     

Suspects,Lies, and Videotape: An Analysis of Authentic High-Stake Liars

This study is one of the very few, and the most extensive to date, which has examined deceptive behavior in a real-life, high-stakes setting. The behavior of 16 suspects in their police interviews has been analyzed. Clips of video footage have been selected where other sources (reliable witness statements and forensic evidence) provide evidence that the suspect lied or told the truth. Truthful and deceptive behaviors were compared. The suspects blinked less frequently and made longer pauses during deceptive clips than during truthful clips. Eye contact was maintained equally for deceptive and truthful clips. These findings negate the popular belief amongst both laypersons and professional lie detectors (such as the police) that liars behave nervously by fidgeting and avoiding eye contact. However, large individual differences were present.     

程序道德的价值及现实实现

现行的道德规范大多只具有实体内容但缺乏程序设计,也就是说,只提供了行为的应当要求,而没有提供如何达到这一应当要求的途径或方法,因此,难以避免人们的道德行为出现试错、重复试错和道德模糊现象.针对这一普遍存在的现实问题,本文论证了程序道德的价值问题,并指出了道德规范体系程序设计之于实体道德的实现的意义.本文认为一种道德规范体系必须具备实体道德和程序道德两种序列,且取得内在的统一性,才能称得上是完整的,才是能够在现实行为中被遵循和履行的.     

试论共同故意伤害罪

简单的共同故意伤害行为,由于各实行犯行为与伤害结果存在因果关系,因此,行为人应对这一共同结果承担刑事责任。共同伤害实行行为中的一部分人自动放弃犯罪并有效防止了伤害结果发生,则他们构成了故意伤害罪中止。复杂的共同故意伤害行为中共同犯罪人之间的关系对故意伤害犯罪的完成形态有较大影响。共同故意伤害的实行犯、教唆犯、帮助犯的实行过限分别承担不同责任。     

论公安院校学生警察角色意识的培养

警察角色意识就是对警察地位、作用、形象理解和掌握的自觉性、准确性、倾向性的总体反映。警察角色意识的培养是公安院校学生教育的重要方面,主要内容包括:警察职业动机,警察价值观,警察职业道德,警察纪律作风和职业形象。     

论职务侵占案件中国家工作人员共同犯罪的定性

职务侵占案件中国家工作人员共同犯罪的类型比较复杂，其中国家工作人员与单位工作人员相互勾结，各自利用职务便利将单位财物占为己有的，其定性最具争议。对于该情形，仍然应当依照身份者的实行行为决定共同身份犯的性质这一原则定为职务侵占罪，而不能分别定罪、以主犯定罪或定贪污罪。     

Culture Wars,Secular Realignment,and the Gender Gap in Party Identification

Changes in the U.S. partisan balance over the past decade are often attributed to the enhanced political salience of cultural issues. Yet as white men have continued to become more Republican in recent years, white women increasingly identify with the Democrats. To the extent that cultural issues are influencing this partisan change, men and women must be responding differently to this cultural agenda. Using a pooled ANES data set from 1988 through 2000, I explore the extent to which cultural values are responsible for this gender realignment. Findings suggest that salient cultural issues influence the partisan choices of both men and women, however in somewhat different ways. For women, the issues themselves—reproductive rights, female equality, and legal protection for homosexuals—have become increasingly important determinants of party identification. For men, the influence of cultural conflict on partisanship is argued to be equally pervasive, albeit less direct.