External dimensions of European environmental policy: An analysis of environmental treaty ratification by third states

The European Union has become an important leader in international environmental affairs – particularly through the negotiation of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) with favourable terms. In this article, EU environmental leadership is studied from a new perspective, focusing on the ratification stage of environmental regime formation. Specifically, it investigates whether the EU is also capable of motivating third states to join its preferred MEAs. It is argued that third states join the EU's preferred MEAs to signal their compliance with EU environmental standards in an effort to become eligible for various rewards that the EU could potentially offer, including a credible membership perspective, access to its lucrative markets, and aid and assistance. The argument is tested by examining the ratification behaviour of 25 non‐EU Member States with regard to all 21 MEAs negotiated under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The results provide robust support for the theory that EU rewards motivate third states to ratify these treaties. The results withstand a number of statistical tests, even when alternative explanatory factors such as trade intensities, transnational communication and geographic proximity are controlled for. The study is the first large‐scale demonstration of the EU's external influence at the ratification stage of environmental regime formation. By identifying three different channels of EU influence, the research permits a more refined understanding of the EU's role as a promoter of environmental protection standards.     

中国省级土地利用年度计划管理制度创新研究——以A市为例

土地利用年度计划管理已经成为土地参与宏观调控的重要措施。现阶段土地利用年度计划是统分结合的指令性无偿分配管理模式,该模式存在土地利用计划指标供不应求和土地指标被低效使用甚至闲置的根本性矛盾。针对矛盾形成的原因,本文提出了完善的对策建议,即实现土地利用年度计划从部门计划向政府计划的彻底转变。     

“竞争化”到“竞争中立化”:市场导向标准的困境及协调路径

市场导向条件经历了从美欧到西方世界小范围达成共识的过程,竞争是演进中的核心要素,竞争与贸易领域的天然联系是市场导向条件"竞争化"的原因。市场导向标准竞争中立化诠释了竞争中立从竞争领域向区域贸易规则渗透、再向多边贸易体制扩张的过程。区域自贸协定中的竞争中立以约束政府的方式规制国有企业,未能充分虑及经贸实际,使区域化协调国有企业规则的尝试面临重重困境。对多边补贴规则的修改是市场导向标准竞争中立化的新动态,恐将放大实践中矛盾与逻辑上的不自洽。WTO危机反映了规则静态与利益动态的冲突,以恪守多边主义为前提,采竞争与贸易"双轨"并行之策,在国际、国内层面协调国有企业规则,将有助于化解市场的导向分歧。     

论刑事庭审模式改革对证据制度的要求

修正后的刑诉法确立了一种新的庭审模式,刑事庭审模式的改革虽然取得了很大成绩,但是也暴露了一些问题与缺陷.西方国家刑事诉讼开庭审理中举证、质证方面的规定有很多合理、先进的内容.而我国现行的刑事诉讼法却没有吸收上述先进因素,研究以上合理内容,对于我们即将进行的刑事诉讼法的再修改会有很重要的借鉴意义.     

信息技术与学科课程整合的瓶颈及其策略

信息技术与学科课程的深层整合在目前呈现瓶颈状态。其原因主要是,师生信息素养要求准备不足;对现代与传统二元论的狭隘理解;对教育先进性和工具先进性简单等同;技术意识的强化和学科意识的缺席。要突破瓶颈必须从形似走向神似;从对立走向互补;从“求新”走向“求实”。     

试析马克思主义与中国传统文化的结合机制

从总体上分析马克思主义与中国传统文化相结合的主体、途径以及实质,对于深入理解和科学把握马克思主义中国化的基本经验和基本规律,更好地推进马克思主义中国化、创建中国化的马克思主义新形态,具有重要意义。     

析预防职务犯罪工作中的“道德”渗透

＂标本兼治,综合治理,惩防并举,注重预防＂,是我们反腐倡廉工作的重要指导方针,由此不难看出预防职务犯罪在反腐倡廉工作中占据了重要的位置。不同于检察机关的传统业务工作,预防职务犯罪工作由于其自身的特性及中国目前的各种现实情况,在实际开展中无法从现有的法律、法规中找到更有针对性的立法支持,而结合中国的本土特色、发展情况以及立法现状这些客观因素,寻找新的力量支持便显得重要,本文中笔者阐述了将道德因素渗透到预防工作之中,更有利于预防工作高效开展。     

工资制度的权变选择

随着社会经济的发展和组织类型的演进，技能工资制与绩效工资制已逐渐取代了传统的，基于岗位评估的工资制度，成为组织对员工进行激励的两种主要方式，一个组织在设计报酬体系时，必须从自身实际出发，同时考虑内，外部多种因素的综合作用，据此对工资制度做出权变的选择，由于单一的技能工资制或绩效工资制在实施中都存在着诸多难点，因而组织在选择工资制度时，可以寻找第三条道路-“多重工资制度组合”来弥补单一工资制度的缺陷。     

“斑马线”失守现象的法社会学分析

近来各地斑马线上因机动车与行人争夺路权出现了不同程度的安全事故，引起了社会的广泛关注，对于斑马线上行人的优先路权，我国法律仅作了较为原则的规定，对于具体情况缺乏可操作性。法律的失效是车主与行人的无序“竞争”愈演愈烈的主要原因。因此，立法及配套措施亟须完善。     

A METHODOLOGICAL ADDITION TO THE CROSS‐NATIONAL EMPIRICAL LITERATURE ON SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND HOMICIDE: A FIRST TEST OF THE POVERTY‐HOMICIDE THESIS*

Dozens of cross‐national studies of homicide have been published in the last three decades. Although nearly all these studies test for an association between inequality and homicide, no studies test for a poverty—homicide association. This absence is disconcerting given that poverty is one of the most consistent predictors of area homicide rates in the abundant empirical literature on social structure and homicide in the United States. Using a sample that coincides closely with similar recent studies, applying a proxy for poverty (infant mortality) that is commonly employed in noncriminological cross‐national research, and controlling for several common covariates (including inequality), this study provides the first test of the poverty—homicide hypothesis at the cross‐national level. The results reveal a positive and significant association between a nation's level of poverty and its homicide rate. The findings also suggest that we may need to reassess the strong conclusions about an inequality—homicide association drawn from prior studies, as this relationship disappears when poverty is included in the model.