中国安全外交与地区多边机制

中国安全外交的界定具有内涵与外延不断演进的历程,反映了中国应对国内安全问题时所承受的外交压力,并因此而采取的因应新安全观治理非传统安全问题的政策措施。中国安全外交体现了中国综合运用外交手段应对和解决国内外安全问题的新思维,超越了将安全问题与外交手段简单结合的传统思维,满足了当前形势下各国处理全球性安全问题的新要求。中国在全球化时代下对国际和国内安全治理的认知,已经超越了国家安全、传统安全和联盟安全,增强了对共同安全、综合安全、合作安全与可持续安全的认识。中国在参与东盟地区论坛、东盟防长扩大会议、香格里拉对话会、上海合作组织和亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议等地区多边机制中的安全外交具有一致性特征,反映出中国试图促进更为包容、更加有效的地区多边安全机制,消除美国军事同盟体系对地区安全形势的负面影响。近年来,中国在国际和地区安全事务中的影响力逐渐增强,中国安全外交也处于快速演进过程中,效果已经逐渐显现出来。随着中国提出并逐渐充实和完善亚洲新安全观,中国安全外交也将对维护国家安全和地区稳定发挥更大的作用。     

法条竞合与想象竞合的关系新论——以犯罪的外延为视角

刑法学界通说认为,应该严格区分法条竞合与想象竞合,但是通说的区分标准却存在疑问,必须寻求新的区分标准——通过犯罪的外延可以合理区分二者。由于法条竞合与想象竞合都是一行为触犯数个罪名,即一行为符合数个犯罪的犯罪构成,换言之,就是数罪名的外延存在重合关系。从实质上说法,条竞合与想象竞合都是犯罪之间的竞合(重合)关系。从逻辑上而言,犯罪之间的竞合关系包括从属关系和交叉关系。法条竞合只存在特别关系,而特别关系属于从属关系。想象竞合犯其实就属于交叉关系。     

Estimating between‐ and within‐cluster covariate effects,with an application to models of international disputes

Students of international politics often use data in which the covariates vary both within and across units of observation. This is particularly true for dyadic data, which has come to dominate quantitative studies of international conflict, but is also a concern in any work involving a time‐series cross‐sectional component. Standard regression methods treat both types of covariates as equivalent with respect to their influence on the dependent variable, ignoring possible differences between cross‐dyad and within‐dyad effects. Here, I discuss the potential pitfalls of this approach, and show how between‐ and within‐dyad effects can be separated and estimated. I then illustrate the approach in the context of a logistic regression, using data on international disputes.     

继承制度与社会保障制度的协调--兼论法定继承制度的重新构建

我国大陆地区继承法在设计法定继承制度时 ,受当时社会生产力不发达、财富较少等特殊国情所导致的社会保障制度不完善的影响 ,于是在确定法定继承人的范围和顺序时 ,注重了对弱者的社会保障 ,使之具有了社会保障的功能。然而 ,随着大陆地区社会保障制度的逐步健全 ,笔者认为 ,将来继承法中的法定继承制度重新设计时应放弃以往所担负的社会保障功能 ,恢复其原貌。     

梅德韦杰夫外交:特点、原因及前景分析

梅德韦杰夫执政以来,其外交特点是:重视独联体,调整政策但区别对待;重视东方,中印平衡;对西方继续强硬但不破裂,进而改善,对美欧有所区别;利用俄优势,重视能源外交、体育外交、军事外交和大国外交;对国际事务提出很多新观点、新建议,使政府在实施俄罗斯外交政策的分量加重。其原因既有俄罗斯国力上升,也有国内的梅普组合因素,还有国际上的美国因素和中国因素。今后梅德韦杰夫外交将更加重视经济安全、能源外交和军事发展。对华将继续友好,战略借重加大,但发展空间有限,必须寻求新的增长点。在对西方关系上,在继承普京时期强硬外交的基础上进一步调整、改善、缓和与西方的关系。     

The effect of weight on the femur: a cross-sectional analysis

This study assessed whether obesity significantly affects femoral shape. Femora of 121 white men were divided into two weight classes based on body mass index (BMI) of the deceased. Five external anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) measurements were taken at consistent percentages of diaphyseal length. These were then subject to statistical tests. After controlling for age, multivariate statistics show a significant (p<0.05) effect of BMI on the femur, with the greatest significance in ML measurements. T-tests confirm these dimensions are significantly larger in the overweight (p<0.05). The effect of BMI on size-transformed and shape-transformed variables was also evaluated, with ANOVA results showing a significant BMI effect on ML size (p<0.05), but not shape. Significant size-transformed ML variables were then subject to discriminate function analyses with a cross-validation correction. Results show a correct classification rate of 88% in normal weight and 77% in overweight individuals.     

A comprehensive regression tree to estimate body weight from the skeleton

The purpose of this research is to estimate actual body weight (in particular obesity) from the human skeleton. Known individuals (total n=187) were studied from the Bass Collection from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. This research combines bone density, cross-sectional geometry of the femur and skeletal pathologies. Bone mineral density was calculated for the proximal femur. Three-dimensional bone surface models were created from computed tomographic scans. Cross-sectional geometry of the femur was calculated at five locations along the diaphysis. The pathologies analyzed were heel spurs, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), and tibial osteoarthritis. The best regression tree model included only four variables. The first split to estimate body weight was the minimum moment of inertia (I(y) ) at the distal femur, the second was midshaft width, then anteroposterior thickness at the proximal slice and the final split was the degree of DISH (SD 17.1-31.0 kg). The ability to estimate body weight from the skeleton is one more useful tool for the osteologist.     

国际投资法体系及其跨国证券投资制度的历史演进——以中国证券市场开放为视角

在论述国际投资法体系化进程中的跨国证券投资法律地位问题基础上,认为纯以国内法的视角界定投资含义有失偏颇。这一方法无视国际法的规则,有可能引发法律冲突。尽管如此,就证券投资而言,其国内法的色彩极为浓厚,国际层面的证券投资法仍处于初步阶段,因此,从国内法视角界定证券投资所可能引发的法律冲突将相对较少。只有当国内法未作具体规定时,一般的国际投资法规则才适用到证券投资之上。国际投资法规则的默示适用功能恰恰表明,跨国证券投资属于广义国际投资法重要的组成部分之一。     

国际法视角下的六方会谈

缔造和平的过程是一个不断迁就和适应不同的目标及其轻重缓急次序的过程。和平解决国际争端也需要选择适当的方式、遵循法的规范、发挥高超的谈判技巧、提出创造性的方案、保持良好的谈判势头。六方会谈旨在调停美朝冲突、推动多边会谈、遵循协商原则来和平解决朝核危机。它法理上的作用和其政治上的作用一样,都是国际争端解决的关键,都是需要不断探讨和研究的课题。     

城乡多维互动改革与发展法制研究——以财税法制研究为视角

统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区是化解二元结构的改革与发展的系统性试验工程,此举已然跨越了基层乡镇后农业税时代的财税桎梏,以期籍社会主义市场经济的制度创新、拼缝与叠加优势推动城乡统筹发展,使后农业税时代的乡镇财政困局在一个厚实而宏大的背景中实现城乡社会结构功能耦合的稳态社会目标。践行此目标无疑应是多维度透视城乡分隔渐行渐远的脉络与因果,进而"破门拆墙"拉近城乡距离,并依赖财税法制变革的管径,运用社会主义制度内在的积极再干预理念和社会结构理论的内生动力,推动城乡多维统筹互动发展,而不是无视历史沉疴单向度地推行经济或财税或户籍等制度变革。