论地方环境立法公正和效率价值的平衡

我国地域辽阔,域内自然环境差别较大,其决定了地方环境立法居于不可或缺的地位。地方环境立法应兼顾公正和效率价值平衡,并坚持"效率优先、实现公正"的立法价值取向。地方政府应当对当地新生环境问题结合当地经济、技术、自然实际情况及环境保护的需要及时立法,并对不适时的地方法规进行及时修改,实现地方环境法制系统公正和效率价值的最大化追求。     

关于ＷＴＯ协定与外资国民待遇的若干思考

综观ＷＴＯ协定中的有关条款,尽管其在许多方面对国民待遇原则有了重在发展,但各领域的发燕尾服很不平衡,特别是在国际直接投资领域,国民待遇问题实际上还没有被ＷＴＯ提上议程,本认为,即使在ＷＴＯ体制下,有条件的国民待遇仍具有不可改变的属性。     

Negotiating Effective International Environmental Agreements: Is an Objective Approach to Differential Treatment Possible?

The negotiation of international environmental agreements is rendered less effective and more costly than necessary on account of the incentives for rent seeking. This article argues that the problem of rent seeking in this context is complicated by the legitimate demand for the differential treatment of relevant heterogeneity, when insufficient information is available to distinguish between demands based on legitimate differences and rent-seeking. In order to reduce the overall costliness of the totality of international resource agreements, the general rule should be that differential treatment should be provided only in exceptional circumstances. A corollary to this rule is that differences that do not affect future negotiating costs may be considered in current negotiations. This points to differences that are exogenous to the bargaining process, such as a country's physical location. It is argued that development status of a country is another such factor, since the incentives to pursue development are unlikely to be affected by its recognition in current negotiations. Furthermore, the failure to recognise development status as a legitimate basis for differentiated treatment implicitly rewards the early identification and exploitation of unmanaged resources. Restriction of differential treatment to a small number of such differences enables the focusing of negotiations, and the structuring of discussions. A case study of the Montreal Protocol illustrates how the differential impacts of a uniform standard may be estimated, once the range of impacts is delimited.     

大城市郊区新农村发展模式初探——上海市松江区泖港镇新农村建设经验调研报告

该文总结了上海市松江区泖港镇不倚仗工业闯出新农村发展道路的基本做法和经验,提出保护农业首先要保护环境,发展农业首先要反哺农业,服务农民首先要解放农民,建设农村不能过度依赖工业等建议。     

环境公益诉讼研究的创新探索——兼评《环境公益诉讼研究——以制度建设为中心》

我国环境公益诉讼中的＂公益＂内涵可以分为两种：一种是人类共同的环境利益;一种是多个人的环境权益,只有人类共同的环境利益才是真正的公益。由于人类处在环境共同体之中,共同体成员对共同体的维护责任理论应该作为环境公益诉讼的理论基石。我国环境公益诉讼的制度安排应根据中国国情,建立法律解释型和立法型两种基本类型的制度路径。同时,环境公益诉讼研究应坚持发展逻辑与实证逻辑有机结合的学术研究方法。     

论环境健康与政府环境责任

通过分析自然环境对人体健康的影响,指出环境健康问题的严重性,而在环境健康问题越来越严重的今天,根据法律规定,政府负有不可推卸的环境责任,根据政府对环境责任的错误认识提出了要狠抓落实环境民主,改进现有政府环境理念,达到环境善治的观点。     

论侦查讯问中的环境因素

侦查讯问是侦查员与犯罪嫌疑人在特定的环境中以面对面的方式进行的一种特殊的侦查措施,其目的在于获取犯罪嫌疑人的言词证据和线索。特定的环境和面对面的方式是侦查讯问的突出特点。单从环境因素的角度,其可分解为时空环境因素、人际环境因素和语言环境因素。不同的环境因素会对侦查讯问产生不同的影响。     

The real deal? The post-conflict constitution as a peace agreement

Abstract

When intra-state armed conflicts end through a negotiated settlement, the conflict parties frequently agree to amend or replace the country’s constitution. Their aim is to entrench the settlement, address the conflict incompatibility, reform institutions and take other measures to prevent a recurrence of violence. This article argues that post-conflict constitutions (PCCs) should be understood as peace agreements. It motivates this argument on conceptual, functional and legal grounds. It demonstrates that PCCs comply with conventional definitions of a peace agreement, are an intrinsic component of the conflict resolution process and have a range of peace maintenance functions. As supreme law, they become the definitive peace agreement. Research on peace durability following negotiated settlements should therefore focus not only on comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) but also on PCCs. PCCs should be conceived not as mere components of CPA implementation but as substantive political and legal agreements in their own right and as independent causes of peace.     

环境治理中公众参与模式的战略性认知与建构

当前,世界各国都面临各种各样的环境问题。从根本上看,环境问题不仅仅是简单的自然问题,而是包含错综利益的政治问题和社会问题。20世纪以来的各类环境公害事件使西方各国将环境治理放在国家治理的重要位置,并逐渐形成环境治理的不同模式,而公众对于环境治理领域的广泛参与是西方各国环境治理呈现的共性特征。在我国,政府几乎成为环境治理的唯一主体,而作为环境污染直接受体的公众却被严重边缘化,这是造成我国环境治理"局部好转,整体恶化"局面的重要原因。为此,必须加深对我国环境治理中公众参与模式的认知,构建良性的模式运行基础,以改变愈发严峻的"环境赤字"局面。