论网上证券委托错误的民事责任承担——以投资者利益保护为导向

当网上交易出现系统故障致使交易指令无法执行时,即发生网上证券委托错误,通常会引起利益纠纷,此时责任如何分担也就成为非常现实的问题。券商提供的符合现有法律的在线交易协议书和风险提示书存有大量的免责事由,而基于网络证券交易技术风险承担规则的考察则有缺乏正当化的依据。因此,要实现网上证券交易的持续发展,就必须建立合理有效的民事责任分担制度,同时引入网上证券交易保险机制。     

TRIPS视阈下中国专利权的刑法保护研究

相对于著作权和商标权而言,中国专利权的刑法保护起步较晚、标准较低,修订后的刑法典对于专利权提供的刑法保护与TRIPS协议仍有较大差距。在中国已加入WTO后承担TRIPS协议项下义务的视角下,全面反思了中国专利权的刑法保护体系,应检讨了现行刑事立法与TRIPS标准存在的四方面差距,完善中国专利权刑法保护。     

网络化行政生态的理论审视

网络时代的到来向实体政府施加了不容回避的影响力,＂网络化生存＂的政府只有顺应时代转型的内在要求,实施政府再造,方能在网络时代维系其合法性和权威性。在网络时代面临再造重任的政府,必须对其所处的全新环境做出理性认知与判断。本文对网络化行政生态的描述集中于四个方面：网络政治的勃兴、网络经济的崛起、网络社会的成型、网络文化的繁盛。     

按份共有分割请求权若干问题研究

基于对按份共有分割请求权的整体思考，理论和实务中值得探讨的问题是：共有分割请求权的性质，分割协议的性质、分割协议达成与否对诉讼分割的影响、分割协议上的请求权与诉讼时效的关系，诉讼分割中的拍变卖分割方法、分割请求权的代位行使，分割请求权所受限制登记和动产查封的限制，分割请求权行使的法律后果即分割效力的发生、法定抵押权的设立、对共有物上用益物权和担保物权所产生的法律后果等。     

刑事和解协议法律效力的理论考察

刑事和解协议是刑事和解制度化路径中的关键点,因其具有契约和司法文书的双重属性,其要素和格式必须完备规范,其法律效力的来源和实现途径也具有不同于普通契约和司法文书的特点,其无效后的处理应区别情况慎重对待。     

Overview of: “Crime Place and Pollution: Expanding Crime Reduction Options Through a Regulatory Approach”

Research Summary Crime reduction policy has focused almost exclusively on offenders. Recent studies and evaluations show that expanding our policy portfolio to include places may be highly productive. We show that there is considerable research showing that crime is concentrated at a relatively few locations, that high-crime places are stable, that changing places can reduce crime, that displacement is not only far from inevitable but also less likely than the diffusion of crime prevention benefits, and that owners of high-crime places can be held accountable for the criminogenic conditions of their locations. We link these findings to environmental policy, where environmental scientists, economists, and regulators have developed a broad set of regulatory options. The core of this article describes a portfolio of environmental policy instruments directly applicable to crime places. We also discuss major decisions local governments will need to make to implement various forms of regulation, and we list challenges that governments must anticipate in planning for such implementation. We argue that a regulatory approach to crime places has the potential to lower the cost to taxpayers of reducing crime by shifting costs from governments to the relatively few place owners whose actions create crime-facilitating conditions. Policy Implications Taking a regulatory approach to crime places substantially expands the crime policy options under consideration. Regulatory options may increase local governments’ effectiveness at reducing crime while reducing governments’ costs. This is because regulatory approaches have the potential to shift some portion of the financial burden for crime fighting to owners of criminogenic locations. Policy makers can select between means-based anticrime regulations that focus on how place owners manage their locations and ends-based regulations that focus on the number of crimes allowed at places. Both of these approaches contain several alternative regulatory instruments, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Experimenting with various regulatory instruments could lead to the development of a range of new crime reduction policies. In addition, a regulatory approach has implications for the funding of policy research. Means-based regulatory instruments require governments to develop evidence that the means they regulate have the desired impact on crime. Ends-based regulatory instruments shift this burden to the regulated places.     

论ICSID仲裁庭对视为外国法人管辖权的扩张

国际投资争端仲裁管辖权是解决投资争端国际中心机制的重要内容,是"中心"仲裁庭进行仲裁的前提条件,具有重要的实践和理论意义。对于视为外国国民投资者管辖权问题,《公约》规定的较为模糊和弹性,近年来,"中心"做扩大解释,导致与此相关的仲裁实践中出现扩张性管辖案例,直接挑战"中心"现有的运行机制,这种扩展性管辖在南美等一些国家甚至有泛滥的趋势,对发展中国家经济发展带来极大负面效应。深入剖析和评价这一现象,并提出我国的应对策略,具有重要的现实意义。     

中国环境法治的历史、现状与走向——中国环境法治30年之评析

1978年以来，中国的环境立法、环境执法、环境司法、环境守法、环境参与和环境法律监督工作取得了巨大的成就。1997年国家正式提出依法治国方略後，中国的环境保护工作正式走向法治化的轨道。目前，无论是从环节上，还是从整体的判断指标上分析，或者从实效上评估，都说明中国的环境法制架构已经基本形成。符合科学发展观和生态文明要求的环境友好型和资源节约型环境法治工作正在完善之中。完善的措施既包括立法完善工作，还包括执法、司法、守法、参与和监督环节的体制、制度和机制的创新工作。     

创建“养护者受益”环保法基本原则

“公地的悲剧”自英国的“圈地运动”始得以有效遏制,而保持公地基本制度下的环境保护也仍然在赋予公民无可辩驳的义务与责任之中持续着各种形式的环保投资,可实践证明形式的多样性和不啬资财并未能有效地阻止自然生态环境的持续恶化。究其根源,无不与公地基本制度和法律层面除私有化之外,一直没有公地独特的接纳或认可私权内在的权义对等所需求的基本原则和制度有关。在市场经济条件下,承认并保护公地之上私人为环保所付出劳动和养护投入所获得的权益至关重要,为此,拟创设“养护者受益”环保法基本原则,来弥补公地自然生态环境保护忽视私权关怀之严重缺陷,以期阻止“公地的悲剧”的延续。     

论“TRIPS-递增”协定在WIPO公约体系和WTO法律框架下的制度空间与适用关系

“TRIPS-递增”协定是后TRIPS时代发达国家向发展中国家输送其知识产权保护标准的主要法律形态。此类协定可能影响发展中国家公共政策目标的实现，缩减这些国家利用WTO/TRIPS框架下的变通性规定促进其发展的自由选择空间。但是，在WIPO公约体系和WTO法律框架下，“TRIPS-递增”协定具有其存在的制度空间和正当理由。因此，发展中国家一方面要根据一般国际法的相关规定，认识和处理“TRIPS-递增”协定与WTO框架公约和WTO／TRIPS协议的关系，另一方面要通过联合抵制或“体制转向”阻止“TRIPS-递增”知识产权保护标准的扩张。