Public Attitudes to Gaelic and the Debate about Scottish Autonomy

Scotland seems to be a counter-example to general theories of the relationship between language and national identity or nationalism. These theories point to three components in the ideology of language and nation—that being able to speak the national language is necessary for full national membership, that the national language is a core part of the nation's culture, and that the future of national political autonomy and the future of the national language are connected with each other. In Scotland, it has appeared that language is not central to national membership or culture, and language campaigning has not been central to the political campaigns for autonomy. The article presents new evidence, from the 2012 Scottish Social Attitudes Survey, which questions these beliefs about the relationship between language and national identity or nationalism in Scotland.     

经侦信息化实战应用问题研究

经侦信息化实战是指在经济犯罪侦查过程中运用信息技术实现破案的战术或者战法。进行经侦信息化建设的根本目的在于打击经济犯罪,为实现经侦破案提供帮助。经侦信息化建设是维护经济安全和社会稳定的迫切需要,是促进经侦工作发展的必然选择。针对当前存在的主要问题,要更加注重经侦情报导侦机制建设,加强经侦特色信息采集工作和全警信息化应用能力的培养,在侦查中不断地总结技战法。     

Corruption and Economic Development in West African Economic and Monetary Union （UEMOA）

The theoretical and empirical debate on the effects of corruption on economic development is unclear. Available cross-country evidence suggests that the impact of corruption on economic development may be either positive or negative. It is widely assumed that the struggle against corruption is essential for economic growth. However, corruption is clearly a multidimensional concept, encompassing a variety of discrete components. The author reviews the theory underlying these different causal mechanisms linking corruption to economic growth, and provides an introduction to some outstanding measurement issues. This paper takes a critical look at the effect of corruption on economic development in West African Economic and Monetary Union （UEMOA）. The major results of the investigation indicate that all UEMOA countries are corrupt according to the variables of the Worldwide Governance Indicators （WGI）. UEMOA countries have a deficiency to control corruption, so they need to improve their system of control. As a result, the fight against corruption is still a necessary job for all of UEMOA people.     

National Security and Minerals

The term “national security” evolved from a nation possessing military might to predominantly having a secure national economy. Beteen those two aspects lie other factors that contribute to a nation＇s security. Minerals have been part of national se, curity strategy since the need for security was felt by nations. Especially military, economic, and environmental security has been factors that have driven mineral demand. On the other hand, mining and minerals have often been the cause of national security alerts. This paper would represent economic security as being reliant on minerals and will highlight economic security as the key driver that activates other security issues today. It will go on to discuss how minerals have also been affected by national security problems, such as the recent financial crisis. Furthermore, minerals have also been the cause for national security problems.     

论东南亚贸易自由化与经济增长

战后,东南亚国家的贸易政策大致经历了三个阶段。80年代末90年代初开始,各国加快了贸易自由化的步伐。各国大幅降低关税水平,减少非关税壁垒,使之关税水平和结构呈现新的变化。东南亚国家贸易自由化推动了进出口贸易规模的扩大,提升了货物与服务的世界市场占有率,促进了产业部门尤其是制造业的出口贸易、劳动生产率和最终收入的增长,从而成为国内经济增长的引擎。在世界性和区域性贸易自由化加速发展的背景下,东南亚国家贸易自由化的进程将有所加快。     

论西部大开发中民族文化的价值

由于多方面的原因，我国西部地区经济相对不发达，但是西部的文化，特别是少数民族文化却丰富多彩。民族文化是各民族在社会历史发展过程中创造和发展起来的具有本民族特色的文化，它在当前进行的西部大开发中将发挥十分重要的作用。充分认识民族文化在西部大开发中的价值，有利于发展民族文化，繁荣民族文化，促进民族地区各项事业的发展。     

What can we Learn from the First Major Statement of Labour’s Economic Policy under Keir Starmer?

Labour’s Shadow Chancellor, Anneliese Dodds, recently set out the first major exposition of economic policy under leader Keir Starmer. Covering a lot of ground, she gave insights into current Labour thinking on macro and micro policy. Much of the speech was aimed at emphasising the fact that Labour would be ‘responsible’, an attempt to reassure voters as well as markets. But there is plenty of room for radical approaches within this framework, so exactly what this all means for practical policy is still to be determined.     

Independent review of emergency economic stimulus measures: Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19

Major government emergency interventions demand, and generally receive, independent scrutiny. This article looks back at reviews of the Australian government's economic stimulus measures introduced in the aftermath of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), in anticipation of reviews of responses to the COVID-19 emergency, noting similarities and differences between the two crises. We examine 10 independent reviews of the Australian government's response to the GFC with a particular focus on their nature and the context in which they occurred. As a result, we identify five themes: when and how often reviews are conducted; recognition of context; the need for clear program objectives; explicit design principles; and governance. We develop a typology of independent reviews that has three key and interrelated dimensions: purpose, timing, and reviewer. We observe that there was patchwork coverage of the GFC measures, with no single report providing a holistic assessment of what was achieved or lessons learnt. We contend that, notwithstanding differences between crises, the typology will aid understanding of the role, key issues, and contributions of reviews that have already been, or will be, commissioned into COVID-19 and future emergency economic stimulus measures.     

中小企业融资困局的经济法对策

直接融资适合于具有较高成长性的高新技术企业,而众多劳动密集性中小企业由于自身性质形成的信息不对称也难以成为银行等金融机构间接融资的对象.中小企业的融资困局是市场缺陷造成的,政府干预是弥补市场缺陷的主要方式,政府在解决中小企业融资困局中所形成的经济关系是经济法的调整对象.在借助"政府-社会中间层-市场"三元框架分析政府、与中小企业融资有关的社会中间层和中小企业的定位的基础上,应从经济法的主体角度进行相关的制度设计,探索长效机制解决中小企业的融资困局.     

国家法难行之源：国家主义抑或人本主义——从“依法收贷案”切入

以前有关“依法收贷案”的研究文章都认为这里的“法”就是“现行国家法”,但对此案细致分析发现并非如此,而是“王法”即中国传统法。中国国家法自古至今有一种严重的国家主义倾向（而今表现为一种现代化倾向）,缺乏一种现代法律所需要的人本主义精神因素,因此,国家法只得到了国家外部力量的推动,缺乏内部力量的驱动,其社会化动力不足。其社会化程度远低于中国传统的“法”与“德”,最终被“王法”置换,为中国传统的“德”所打败。