The GE/Honeywell merger controversy and the path to analytical convergence in international merger assessment: A critical commentary

Globalisation, with its concomitant rise in international merger activity, allied to the proliferation of merger control regimes vetting such activity, increases the likelihood of two or more competition authorities reaching divergent decisions in the same case. This article reveals that this situation arose in the proposed merger between two US-based companies, General Electric (GE) and Honeywell, with the EU prohibiting the merger, and the US Department of Justice approving it. Further, it discusses the analytical and interpretational differences which led to those divergent outcomes. The analytical debate centres on the appropriateness of the two theoretical approaches used to assess proposed mergers, with the EU using the range effects of competitive harm approach and the US giving greater weight to an economic efficiencies merger defence. The fallout from the GE/Honeywell case has given added impetus to progress analytical convergence in relation to the vetting of international mergers. This has found expression at the multilateral level, which links to EU initiatives. The article predicts that the EU is highly likely to incorporate an economic efficiencies defence into its merger control law, bringing it into line with other key players. Of course, analytical convergence cannot guarantee that interpretational differences will not arise, as was evident in aspects of the GE/Honeywell case. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

法律/制度经济分析的一般理论

本文以马克思主义为指导 ,从中国的实际出发 ,综合当代经济分析法学的最新成果以及现代社会法学、历史法学和当代新制度经济学、新经济史学的相关成果 ,比较系统地论述法律 /制度经济分析的一般理论。这个理论包括法律 /制度体系 (结构 /功能 )的静态分析和法律 /制度变迁 (演进过程 )的动态分析。     

从进出口商品结构看黑龙江省企业参与对俄经贸科技合作问题

对近20年来黑龙江省对俄贸易商品结构的分析,可以看到黑龙江省对俄经贸合作中更深层次的问题,即生产型企业特别是对全省经济发展有影响的骨干企业没有或较少参与,使对俄经贸对黑龙江省经济发展的牵动作用难以显现。为改变这种状况,应采取措施支持和引导省内企业参与对俄经贸合作。     

加强保密工作 强化保密措施

保密工作是关系国家安危和现代化建设的大事,党和国家历来十分重视保密工作.当前保密工作还存在着一些问题和漏洞,特别是改革开放以来,泄露国家秘密的事件激增,泄密的隐患日益严重.文章针对当前泄密问题严重的现实,强调必须加强保密教育,增强保密观念;建立健全保密制度,严格规范人们的行为;加强检查和监督,堵塞泄密漏洞;严肃追查和处理泄密事件,强化保密工作.     

俄罗斯远东经济形势及对华经贸合作态势（下）

远东是俄罗斯最东部的经济区和联邦区,其发展一直受到俄联邦中央的重视。但由于经济结构和地缘上的特点,该地区在经济与社会发展上遇到更多的困难,其发展速度一直低于全俄水平。对外经贸合作是远东的优先发展方向。近年来,在中俄两国加强区域合作的大好形势下,该地区加强对华经贸合作的态势十分明显。     

Capturing the Regional Economic Benefits of University Technology Transfer: A Case Study

Despite a high concentration of brainpower and federally funded research, some universities have been unable to translate these assets into regionally based economic activity. The author uses an ethnographic method interviewing university officials and academic entrepreneurs in New York City, which has a relatively poor record of local start-up creation. The author finds that universities that view the primary objective of technology transfer as a revenue generator for their institutions generate fewer spin-offs than those that incorporate a local economic development component. Internal advocacy and faculty interest, however, can affect university behavior. The author also finds that academic entrepreneurs with a pre-existing affiliation with the licensing institution are more likely to locate in the area than outsiders utilizing the technology. Entrepreneurs exhibit a distinct locational calculus based on a range of variables including real estate costs, founders’ preference and the geographical proximity of key firm relationships.      

The Entrepreneur as Innovator

Throughout intellectual history as we know it, the entrepreneur has worn many faces and played many roles. One of those roles is innovator. This essay establishes a chronological trace of the entrepreneur as innovator in an effort to place contemporary writings within a proper historical perspective.     

试论科学发展观与男女平等基本国策的理论同源性

科学发展观与男女平等基本国策,虽然在整个发展战略中的地位不同,提出问题的角度不同,但二者具有十分鲜明的理论同源性.这突出表现在"以人为本"的马克思主义社会发展观是二者共同的理论渊源;坚持主客体辩证发展及人与自然和谐可持续发展是二者共同的理论依据;实事求是、着眼于解决当前重大理论和现实问题的马克思主义理论精髓是二者共同的思想品格.     

试析欧盟对华经贸政策的历史演变

在世界多极化和经济全球化的时代,研究欧盟对华经贸政策的历史演变,分析其影响因素,对促进世 界经济、政治以及中欧关系意义重大。     

论生产性外商投资企业与服务性外商投资企业的国民待遇

外商投资企业国民待遇问题一直是我国理论界探讨的重点。本文结合WTO的有关规定探讨了生产性外商投资企业和服务性外商投资企业的国民待遇。