Towards political integration in Europe: the involvement of national parliaments in European Union politics and policy-making

This article provides an overview of the life of the European Union over a period that has witnessed a number of historical international and institutional developments, and provides a politico-juridico-historical perspective on its growth. The article aims to examine the role of national parliaments in relation to increasing European legislative powers. The European Union is using these powers to ensure that non-European-Union states accept its rules as universal standards. At the same time, European foreign policy has expanded remarkably, reflecting its more prominent international role. The European Parliament is the world's first directly elected transnational parliament. In recent decades, the principles of human rights, peace, and democracy have reflected the deeply embedded values at the core of European integration since its inception, determining the evolution of the European Union from international actor to a model of democratization: a model promoting not only respect for human rights, but also democracy and peace, which have become concrete goals steering the European Union foreign policy.     

毛泽东“为建设一个伟大的社会主义国家而奋斗”的思想与实践

毛泽东在“为建设一个伟大的社会主义国家而奋斗”的理论探索和实践中,以社会主义方向为指引,以工业化和现代化建设为目标,以民族振兴为己任,为实现从新民主主义向社会主义的转变和在中国确立社会主义制度,为实现国家的工业化和建设社会主义现代化强国,为中华民族自立于世界民族之林和为人类做出较大贡献进行了深刻的阐述和不懈的追求,推进了中国的发展进步.     

改革开放以来我国民族立法观刍议

民族立法观是支配民族立法乃至整个民族法制工作的重要指导思想。改革开放以来,我国民族立法工作取得的快速发展是坚持科学民族立法观的必然结果。当前指导我国民族立法工作的根本指针就是邓小平理论、＂三个代表＂重要思想、科学发展观中的民族立法观。认真理解和准确把握这些内涵丰富、与时俱进的民族立法思想,对于进一步健全具有中国特色社会主义的民族法律法规体系而言意义重大。     

Counting the development costs of the conflict in North-Eastern Nigeria: the economic impact of the Boko Haram-led insurgency

Nigeria presents an important case for examining the interaction between economic emergence and (in)security on account of the Boko Haram-led insurgency. This paper interrogates long-standing theoretical assumptions about the economic consequences of violent conflict in such a complex space. It analyses the cost of North-East Nigeria’s conflict on development by considering its impact on the economy at the national and subnational levels. Generalised assumptions about the ways through which conflict affects development appear to hold in some regards but not in others. Evidence suggests some disruption in fiscal adjustments at the macro level, trade and investment as well as agricultural production and commerce within the North-East but less so with regard to economic growth and foreign direct investment flows at the national level. The paper finds evidence of a dichotomy in terms of the impact of the conflict on the national and subnational economy. There is a high degree of containment of the repercussions of the conflict at the subnational level. However, there remains a degree of interconnectedness across these strata that are influenced by both domestic and international political economy dynamics.     

以国家安全为视角论新闻自由的法律规制

新闻自由是作为法人的新闻媒体所享有的对于事实真相客观公正地报道不受阻碍的权利,新闻传播对于国家安全有着巨大的影响,如果新闻自由被滥用,会对一国的国家安全产生负面影响,威胁一国的国家安全。中国现有的对于新闻自由的限制性、禁止性规定较为分散,未形成系统的法律规范,且法律效力较低。因此,应当完善我国的立法,制定效力更高、更为系统的法律规定,以维护我国的国家安全。     

Immigration and French national identity under neoliberalism: Sarkozy's selective immigration politics as a performance of sovereignty

In 2007 then French president Nicolas Sarkozy established the Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Cooperative Development. Ocak investigates what the ministry wanted to achieve by promoting national identity and linking it with immigration. Focusing on the so-called selective immigration policies and the national identity debate, she examines the ways in which neoliberalization hollows out the nation-state and transforms its relations vis-à-vis citizens and, as a result, increases the need to perform sovereignty to counterbalance the crisis of the welfare state. The articulation of the undesired immigrant figure and the project to engage French citizens in the management of the immigrant operate, she suggests, as tactics to smooth this transformation and compensate for the losses that the French citizens experience as a result of the reign of neoliberal policies.     

The New Generation Warfare: India’s Need for Comprehensiveness

The article is an enquiry into the nature of the new form of warfare known as the fourth generation warfare. The concept of comprehensive national power (CNP) that encapsulates the sum total of a nation’s power, which includes its economic, military, science and technology, education, resources, and global influence, becomes a prerequisite for it, in order to counter this new generation warfare. Therefore, for any nation today faced with this newly emerged threat, there is a need to establish comprehensiveness in its CNP.     

First calculations of the total output of Latvia and Lithuania in the 1920s: a comparison

The contemporary system of national accounts (SNA) framework is used to compare the methodologies and to adjust the findings to allow for cross-country comparisons of the very first calculations of the total economic output of Lithuania in 1924 by Albinas Rimka (1886–1944) and of Latvia in 1925 by Alfrēds Ceihners (1899–1987). Ceihners’ notion of national income corresponds to the SNA concept of gross national income (GNI), while Rimka measured net national income (NNI). Rimka’s estimate has a downward bias, because he applied a fixed capital depreciation rate that was too high and did not include the value of noncommercial public sector services.     

日本人的国家同一性和对人种、民族的刻板印象探索性的讨论

通过对日本大学生的数据分析,探讨了日本人的国家同一性和对人种、民族的刻板印象的关系。结果表明,对民族的刻板印象和内群体偏爱效应显著。此外,国家同一性和对国民印象的交互作用明显。表明国家同一性强的人,对自己国民的肯定性评价显著高于国家同一性弱的人。需进一步探讨国家同一性概念的定义和测量刻板印象的妥当性。     

相背而驰 殊途同归——比较分析中俄高等教育入学考试及变革趋势

国家统一考试在俄罗斯从无到有,其产生、发展到全国推行具有特定的历史背景。从教育、社会、政治和国际化四个维度分析,俄罗斯高等教育入学考试由分散向统一的变革趋势具有适切性,与国家大政方针和文化战略一脉相承。几乎同期,中国高等教育入学考试经历着由统一向分散的变革趋势。两国看似相悖的发展路径实则体现出认识论哲学和政治论哲学的冲突、大学与政府权力的博弈及公平和效率的两难等共性问题,更为重要的是体现出两国政府对教育公平的不懈追求。