Ephemeral ‘communities’: spatiality and politics in rangeland interventions in Mongolia

In recent years, the number of community-based natural resource management projects for rangeland conservation and development has grown rapidly in Mongolia. Such projects seek to develop social capital through the formation of herder groups and pasture user groups, in order to enable the coordination of complex, collective tasks needed for sustainability. Through analysis of social networks, interviews and ethnographic data from two places where such projects have been implemented, Bayanjargalan, Dundgovi, and Tariat, Arkhangai, the paper demonstrates that the spatiality of pastoral social relations is much more extensive than assumed by these projects. Furthermore, rather than being neutral technical interventions, such projects are embedded in and proliferate politics. They often bolster the informal power of wealthy herders who gain more access to pasture, while at the same time leading to tensions between different levels of government and becoming objects of struggle between Mongolia’s two dominant political parties. For all of these reasons, these efforts have tended not to build trust, and the ‘communities’ they create, in the form of herder groups and pasture user groups, have tended to be ephemeral.     

生态权不应当进入法律的界域

生态只能是一种自然权利或道德权利 ,不应当进入法律的界域。这是因为 :权利主体只能是人 ,并且只有人主张和实现权利 ,而且法律关系的性质是人与人之间的社会关系。     

评但丁《论世界帝国》中的法律思想

但丁是意大利文艺复兴时期的著名诗人,也是西方政治法律思想发展过程中由神学传统转向人文主义传统的过渡性人物。通过概述但丁《论世界帝国》一书中的成书背景,总结了其中的法律思想,并评析了但丁法律思想的哲学立场、时代特征和历史影响。     

Ideology,Learning, and Policy Diffusion: Experimental Evidence

We introduce experimental research design to the study of policy diffusion in order to better understand how political ideology affects policymakers’ willingness to learn from one another's experiences. Our two experiments–embedded in national surveys of U.S. municipal officials–expose local policymakers to vignettes describing the zoning and home foreclosure policies of other cities, offering opportunities to learn more. We find that: (1) policymakers who are ideologically predisposed against the described policy are relatively unwilling to learn from others, but (2) such ideological biases can be overcome with an emphasis on the policy's success or on its adoption by co‐partisans in other communities. We also find a similar partisan‐based bias among traditional ideological supporters, who are less willing to learn from those in the opposing party. The experimental approach offered here provides numerous new opportunities for scholars of policy diffusion.     

现代民法中自然人制度的反思与重塑

自然人作为现代民法中首要的民事主体制度 ,其本身的建构以及与其他制度的相互联系 ,无不体现文明的法治对人的终极关怀。笔者从自然人的本质入手 ,构造了理想状态的“自然人” ,然后从经济、法律文化的角度 ,借助历史的方法 ,指出在我国重塑民法上自然人制度的必要性。     

单片机实验教学改革探讨

本文针对我院电子类专业单片机实验教学中存在的问题提出了一种改革方案,用一种由本院老师组成的开发小组自行设计的8051多功能实验板开设多种实验,可以巩固学生所学单片机原理知识,提高学生动手能力,学生若在学习单片机知识后完全掌握了多功能实验板的设计过程、程序编写方法,对学生学以致用,今后走向工作岗位进行单片机应用开发有很大帮助.     

宪政的理论基础探源

宪政是基督文化的内生物。近代的自然权利说和契约论思想为宪政的价值取向与制度构建奠定了理论基础和进行了实证分析。而人性至善论和等级论却是中国宪政之路的思维障碍。当代中国宪政目标的真正实现 ,必须首先实行法观念的更新。     

关于高校经济应用型课程实验教学现状及创新的思考

随着经济的不断发展,许多高校相继开设了经济应用型课程。但是,由于大都缺乏对学生的实验性训练,使得高校人才的培养方式与社会、企业的需求相距较远,因此,应该创新经济应用型课程实验教学发展思路,如:创新教育观念,把实验教学放在整个教学环节中不可替代的重要地位;创新教学内容,鼓励教师把教学与试验、社会实践联系起来;创新教学方法,加强综合性、障碍性及个性化的实验教学;创新教学效果评估方法,激发教师的工作热情。     

人权概念探析

人权随着人类社会的发展而逐渐被人们认识和提出来。从本质上讲 ,人权是人的本能在社会中的需求和表现。人权的内容随着社会的发展而发展。自然性和社会性是人权的基本属性。因此 ,人权既具有普遍性也具有特殊性 ,人权问题既是国际问题也是国内问题。人权的实现要靠国际国内共同努力。     

家兔玻璃体液间隔多次微量取样方法研究

目的探讨间隔多次微量取样玻璃体液是否可用于死亡时间推断。方法99只家兔分为2大组(I)大组45只,再分为A、B、C、D、E五个小组(每组9只),右眼(实验眼)于死后间隔12h多次取样直至24h(A组)、48h(B组)、72h(C组)、96h(D组)和120h(E组);各小组左眼(对照眼)仅分别于死后24h、48h、72h、96h和120h取样一次。检测Ca2+、Cl-、K+、Na+和P含量,同一取样时间的双眼做配对t检验。(II)大组54只,再分为2小组F组9只,每隔12h双眼交替多次取样直至120h;G组45只,每隔12h一次取样10眼(动物左右眼均编号后随机抽取每次10眼),直至120h;检测Ca2+、K+和Na+,两组差值做t检验及PMI回归方程比较。结果E组K+有差异(P<0.05),其余A~E组双眼物质含量配对t检验均无差异(P>0.05)。F与G组物质含量差值t检验无差异(P>0.05);K+、Na+的PMI线性回归方程的斜率、截距无差异(P>0.05),Ca2+与PMI无相关性。结论控制间隔时间和取样次数,多次微量取样对死后玻璃体液元素含量的规律性变化无显著影响,可以替代传统方法进行死亡时间研究。