试论当代行政改革浪潮下的中国行政现代化——一个科层制的视角

西方世界行政改革的一个重要特征就是对韦伯的科层制理论的改造、置换甚至彻底摒弃.通过对西方行政改革的反思和对中国科层制传统的分析,得出以下结论中国行政所处的基本阶段是科层制不足;在这一阶段科层制有其适用范围;在合理的适用范围内需完善科层制以实现行政现代化.     

扭曲政绩观的心理学探析

政绩观是领导干部创造政绩的思想基础，它潜在地决定着领导干部的政绩行为。扭曲政绩观表现为谋一时之利、谋局部之利、谋个人私利、谋GDP片面增长、谋无过便是功，它给党和国家带来极大的危害。本文从心理学的视角分析了扭曲政绩观形成的机制，认为政绩需要、政绩诱因、政绩观预期和评价、政绩行为相互作用导致了扭曲政绩观的产生和深化。为此，亦从心理学的角度提出纠正扭曲政绩观的对策：完善领导干部考评、任用机制，净化诱因环境；加强教育，合理疏导政绩需要；健全监督和奖惩制度，强化良好政绩行为。     

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF A PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL FOR JUDICIAL DECISION MAKING IN CONTINUING RESTRAINING ORDERS

Probate and family court judges are increasingly called upon to make rapid decisions regarding the continuance of restraining orders. These decisions are often made without the benefit of adequate background information or an awareness of which psychological and behavioral factors are most relevant. This action‐oriented research project develops a model that brings psychosocial factors to consideration for judges making decisions regarding the continuance of restraining orders. While further evaluation of the model is needed, the project's unique methodology highlights the value of interdisciplinary collaboration, multiple methods of inquiry, and the consideration of real‐world needs and constraints in developing decision‐making tools.     

关于基层警务建设中公权力扩张的思考

当前，公安机关基层警务建设回应了社会变革中人们对安全的强烈需求，是公权力向居民生活领域的扩张。公权力介入与基层民众自治之间应该是以满足社会基本需求为目的的一种动态平衡。从长远来看，培植民众治安自治力量才是解决基层社会安全问题的理想选择。     

略论从整体上推进党的执政能力建设

党的整体、各级党组织、党的领导干部、党员队伍是党的执政能力建设四个不同层次的主体。党的整体的执政能力是党的执政能力建设的根本;党的各级组织是党的执政能力建设的重点环节;提高干部队伍素质是加强党的执政能力建设的关键;加强党员队伍建设是提高党的执政能力的基础。     

利益在政策制定中的影响作用

利益和政策是密不可分的。利益是政策产生的前提和基础 ,政策则以利益的调整和实现为内容。要自觉发挥利益在政策制定中的作用 ,承认人的利益存在的客观性 ;必须代表最广大人民群众的利益 ;必须发扬民主、实事求是 ;必须建立合理有效的政策反馈机制和评价机制。使政策能够不断适应变化着的利益需求和利益关系。     

Creativity in Court‐Connected Mediation: Myth or Reality?

In this study, we examined creativity in court‐connected mediation. We analyzed 129 mediated agreements from civil cases in Norway and Denmark and compared the outcomes with the parties' original claims to determine whether the agreement addressed only the disputants' demands or contained other elements. If the mediated agreements contained elements in addition to the original claims, we considered them to be “creative.” We devised a creativity scale and found that approximately two thirds of the cases contained creative elements and one quarter of them contained more than five creative elements. We then sought to determine which aspects of the mediation promoted creativity by looking at a variety of mediation characteristics (length of mediation, characteristics of the parties, etc.). We found that lengthier mediations tended to feature more creativity as did cases that involved two private individuals rather than businesses. Cases whose issues involved inheritance as well as the division of property following divorce seemed to foster the highest levels of creativity. Finally, we found that the amount of money at issue also seemed to be relevant: the highest levels of creativity were found in cases in which more money was at stake. In this article, we also discuss the implications of our findings for future research, practice, and training.     

Client Orientation as a Form of Spiritual Needs of Personnel in Labor

The paper considers some grounds of the inside organization marketing concept as a management system that is aimed at meeting the needs of the company＇s personnel in labor. These needs are based on three levels [physiological （highest）, social （middle）, and spiritual （lowest）] and each level has its own revolutionizing forms of the development of needs in labor （abstract, wants, and demand）. Having analyzed a great deal of research materials concerning employees＇ motivation at Russian enterprises, a native higher educational establishment Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin was one of them, it can be concluded that this research does not reflect an estimation degree of meeting employees＇ needs in labor. Moreover, there is no motivation of client orientation in them that is considered as a form of spiritual needs of employees in labor. The essence of this form is determined by some objective and subjective factors.     

A comprehensive model for the evaluation of standard expenditure needs and standard level of local services

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the problem of the simultaneous evaluation of local governments’ standard expenditure needs together with the related level of standard public services proposing a new approach to fiscal equalisation based on quantitative methods. Standard expenditure needs are estimated using quantile regression, moreover robust non-parametric methods are employed for the computation of composite indicators of demand and supply factors. Data from English local authorities over the period 1997–2006 have been used to test the internal and external validity of the model.     

The Special Needs of Victims of Torture or Serious Violence: A Qualitative Research in EU

Abstract

In recent years ongoing wars and serious violations of human rights have driven increasing numbers of people away from their homes, especially in the Middle East and Africa to countries in the European Union to seek asylum. It is estimated that between 5% and 35% of these asylum-seekers and refugees have suffered from torture or serious violence. Studies and practice have shown that an appropriate response to the special needs of victims of torture or serious violence contribute to reduce survivors’ suffering and provide properly international protection. EU legislation recognizes that such vulnerable individuals have special needs, but few of these needs have already been identified and recognized as such. This article reports on a qualitative study carried out in six EU countries - France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta and Portugal - to explore the special needs of victims of torture or serious violence who present among asylum-seekers, during the asylum request procedure, in reception, and throughout rehabilitation and social integration. The study aims to release into the academic community the results of a large policy and practice-oriented study.