Shifting Terrain: Styles of Liberalism, Periodization, and Levels of Analysis

The appraisal of background conditions is an important but often neglected element of political interpretation. Influential interpretations of American politics, such as Louis Hartz's The Liberal Tradition in America, dismiss the importance of changing political contexts. Set in terms of the debate over American exceptionalism, this article explores changes in political mood in the United States during the twentieth century. Hartz is not wrong to assert the persistence of a uniform underlying political culture in the United States, nor the lasting impact of Lockeanism in establishing boundaries to possibility—for the left and the right. But a finer-grained appraisal of the interaction between political-cultural ethos and activism is possible. As David Greenstone rightly argued, contestation still occurs within a predominantly liberal society. This article contends that the character of this contestation is determined by the nature of political periods produced by interpretations of the underlying Lockean bedrock by political actors. It makes explicit that Hartz and Greenstone were operating at different levels of analysis—Hartz established the persistence of dedication to Lockean liberal tenets in the deep structure of American politics, while Greenstone's interpretation established a meso-level of analysis, above this deep structure. The present article adds temporal periodization to this meso-level. Political actors make history upon a stage received from the past—in the United States, the Lockean bedrock—but they inflect this stage with crucial interpretations that set or stretch the limits of political expression in a new period. It discerns four varieties of liberalism—economic liberalism, social state liberalism, social movement liberalism and cold war liberalism—that have interpreted the deep structure differently since the 1920s. It also suggests that sensitivity to historical changes in political mood does not necessitate repudiation of Hartz's thesis of Lockean liberal predominance in the United States.     

获利与归属:我国企业职工的持股心理

职工持股是企业职工通过拥有企业的股票 ,以劳动者和所有者的双重身份参与企业生产经营管理的一种制度。普通职工持股的心理是混杂着“投资人”的理性与社会人的情感要素的。理性的效益 ,使职工能时时关心企业的兴衰 ,始终注意为企业出谋划策 ;情感基础上建立的归属依赖关系 ,则会起着凝聚起职工的作用。它使职工对企业的归属、参与和责任有了可靠的物质基础和切入点 ,普通职工持股制度的设计与实施 ,必须对其实质及其适应性有充分的认识 ,并寻求能与其结合的具有内在性的制度依据     

借鉴、剖析与完善--对人大代表质询权的再次关注

质询权是民意代表监督有关国家机关及其组成人员的一项权利,西方国家较早确立了质询制度,并使之在实践中发展.我国人大代表质询权最早规定在1954年宪法中,但时至今日,人大代表却并未充分行使过这一监督性权利.借鉴国外有益经验,完善质询权法律规定,以发挥质询的效能.     

包裕石壁题诗与临桂四大状元

明代正德二年,包裕在游览伏波山还珠洞后,题诗一首,预言百年后必有桂林才子金榜题名、状元及第。这一诗中预言,在清朝终于变成现实。四个状元是:陈继昌、龙启瑞、张建勋、刘福姚。     

Developmental Differences in Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Use of Mothers, Fathers, Best Friends, and Romantic Partners to Fulfill Attachment Needs

Adolescents and young adults (three age groups: 12–15, 16–19, and 20–28 years) reported their use of parents, and peers to fulfill attachment functions (proximity-seeking, safe haven, and secure base.) The use of each target figure varied with age and attachment function. Mothers were an important source of security across this age range. They were used as secure base consistently more than fathers or peers for all age groups, and regardless of whether or not participants had romantic partners; but were used less for proximity and safe haven by the two older groups. Best friends were used most and more than others as a safe haven; but were used less by young adults (vs. early adolescents) and by older adolescents with romantic partners. Romantic partners were used most and more than others for proximity; but were used less by early adolescents than by older participants. Fathers were selected less than other targets for all attachment functions. Those with romantic partners turned to them more than to others, and young adults selected their romantic partners as much as friends for safe haven. Those insecurely attached to mother turned to her less and to romantic partners more than did those securely attached. Implications for developmental changes in adolescent attachments are discussed. Professor of Psychology and Applied Human Sciences, Concordia University. Received PhD in social psychology from Ohio State University. Research interests include close interpersonal relationships and adjustment. Received MA in social/developmental psychology from Wilfrid Laurier University. Research interests include attachment and well-being in adolescence Received PhD in developmental psychology from Stanford University. Research interests include parenting, attachment, and adjustment in adolescence Received BA in Psychology (Honors) from Concordia University. Research interests include romantic relationships in adolescence     

关于流浪儿童的需求及其服务模式的评估报告——对北京市未成年人救助保护中心志愿服务的评估分析

评估表明,流浪儿童在救助中心的需求是多方面的,除了吃住等需求外,他们还有心理健康需求、受教育的需求、回归与发展的需求。专业社工志愿者的介入提升了救助中心的整体服务品质,流浪儿童的心理状况得到改善,不良行为与习惯明显减少。今后应进一步完善评估体系,加强评估工作的理论建设,推动未成年人救助保护工作的制度性创新。     

四川涉藏地区民警心理健康需求特点

采用自编四川涉藏地区民警心理健康需求半开放式问卷,随机对400名四川涉藏地区公安民警进行调查,并对结果进行卡方检验,结果发现,认为自己需要心理健康服务的民警有175人(47.8%);最困扰民警的心理问题依次是工作压力问题、亲子教育问题、情绪问题(紧张、焦虑、抑郁等)、家庭问题等;民警常用娱乐消遣、寻找亲人和朋友的支持、运动排解和不管它等方式处理心理问题;民警希望得到压力管理教育、不良情绪调控、心理常识教育和人际教育等心理服务内容和情绪调控、压力管理、职业技能训练等心理训练内容;民警最希望能够通过音乐放松、与专业人员交流、心理健康讲座等方式得到心理健康服务。不同群体民警间的部分心理问题及心理需求存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。四川涉藏地区民警对心理健康服务有需求,且存在明显的人群差异性,心理干预需充分考虑其差异,以提高其适用性。     

犯罪心理画像的技术路线

犯罪心理画像可以依据犯罪行为进行刻画,也可以依据犯罪心理痕迹进行刻画。犯罪心理痕迹一般包括实物型、言表型、印象型、生理型四种。犯罪心理画像的逻辑形式,有从个别到一般的归纳式画像和从一般到个别的演绎式画像。在犯罪心理画像实践中,归纳式画像和演绎式画像应当结合起来应用。犯罪心理画像的实践层次分为个案心理画像和技术指标体系的建立,其中技术指标体系的建立有赖于归纳式画像的应用和综合。     

An Analysis on the Choice of Alpha Level in the Osteometric Pair‐matching of the Os Coxa,Scapula, and Clavicle

This study compares the use of 0.05 and 0.10 alpha levels with the updated osteometric pair‐matching model on two samples of the os coxa, scapula, and clavicle. The samples include the Forensic Data Bank, and the osteometric sorting reference used within the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. Mixed‐effects two‐way analyses of variance were used to analyze bilateral asymmetry in the standard measurements. In total, 3,793,566 t‐tests were conducted for osteometric pair‐matching analysis. The results indicate high levels of exclusion power, and accuracy can be obtained with the os coxa and scapula. The clavicle standard measurements capture too much asymmetry causing a lower exclusion to accuracy ratio for osteometric pair‐matching relative to other elements. Both 0.05 and 0.10 alpha levels provide acceptable levels of performance. A lower alpha level will result in higher accuracy with less exclusion, and a higher alpha level will result in lower accuracy with more exclusions.     

Preventing Homelessness for System‐Involved Youth

Too many youth and young adults find themselves on the streets, couch‐surfing with friends, in emergency shelters or worse, after exiting the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. In some circumstances, youth have had court hearings until their exit from the legal system, but those hearings have not focused on long‐range plans of youth and emergencies youth may encounter. In other circumstances, there has been little or no planning prior to discharge, especially for young people who leave the juvenile justice system. Courts can and should prevent, alleviate or end youth homelessness for youth who appear before them through strategies that are enumerated in the recently‐passed NCJFCJ resolution. This article expounds on three of these strategies – coordinating transition and re‐entry plans, insisting on effective legal representation of youth, and utilizing sound judicial leadership. It also describes the concurrent efforts of the Coalition for Juvenile Justice and the American Bar Association's Homeless Youth Legal Network to remove legal barriers and improve outcomes for youth and young adults experiencing homelessness.