罗伯特·皮尔“9条警务原则”价值评析

罗伯特·皮尔于1829年建立了"大伦敦警察厅",标志着近代制服警察制度的建立。在建警初期,罗伯特.皮尔提出的九项警务原则,深刻体现了英国警察的性质,使警察事业在英国取得了辉煌的成就,同时对世界许多国家的警察的发展产生了深远的影响,得到了各个历史时期警察的重视,体现了其思想在指导英国警察工作和改革等方面的价值。     

现代系统论视野下的国际政治理论

本文拟以广义系统论一般模式的构造为基础,从国际政治体系的结构和层次、国际政治体系的功能和环境、国际政治体系的稳衡和变革四个方面,对20世纪70年代以来国际关系思想史中的主要理论,加以梳理、比较和分析,进而揭示系统论对国际政治理论研究所产生的巨大影响,并彰显诸理论之间的区别和联系.最终,希望通过对科学知识之间的渗透交叉与相互借鉴关系的辨明,能够在更广阔和深远的背景下建构中国的国际关系理论研究体系.     

截查暴力犯罪嫌疑车辆的常规战术研究

在截查暴力犯罪嫌疑车辆的行动过程中,警察往往处于“敌暗我明”的现场状态,行动中具有较强的对抗性和较大的危险性,因此要求警员在临战中应保持高度的警惕性。必须坚持“有备无患,攻防结合”的临战处置原则,牢固树立“依法、合理、有效使用武器”的指导思想。为严厉打击违法犯罪,尽可能保证警察自身安全,民警应养成严谨规范的执法行为,始终坚持“宁可信其有,不可信其无”的原则(这里“有”指犯罪行为并有加害警察的可能),民警在执行车辆查控的警务活动当中,在思想上应时刻提醒自己——“接近嫌疑目标就意味着危险的开始”,要克服恃勇轻进、尚勇轻谋、冒险蛮干的轻敌麻痹思想,努力做到有勇有谋、沉着应战。     

试论人的全面发展与建设小康社会

促进人的全面发展,必须关注人的需要和人的全面发展的关系.促进人的全面发展是全面建设小康社会的内在要求,全面建设小康社会是促进人的全面发展的实现条件和具体途径.     

Life Skill Service Needs: Perspectives of Homeless Youth

The present study describes the service needs related to life skill development from the perspective of sheltered homeless youth. Qualitative semistructured life narrative interviews addressing the use of services at an emergency shelter were administered to 30 youth. All youth were residig in an emergency shelter located in a large metropolitan area at the time of interview. Youth identified factors that influence their ability to access and utilize services, categorized as service availability, factors serving as access and/or barriers to services and lack of available services. Youth identify service delivery approaches and staff characteristics as impacting service delivery. Services such as counseling and childcare were identified as facilitating development and acquisition of life skills.     

The need for protection and punishment in victims of violent and nonviolent crime in the Netherlands: The effect of relational distance

A crime victim’s relationship to the offender is widely recognized as an important variable in the study of victims and the criminal justice system. However, studies concerning comparisons of the needs of victims at various relational distances to the offender are lacking. The authors studied how the victim’s need for protection and punishment correlated to the victim’s relational distance to the offender. The authors distinguished more than the usual two victim-offender relationships (known vs. stranger offender), so that the needs of victims at intermediate relational distance (offender is known to the victim, but not an intimate) to the offender might become visible. A total of 370 victims were interviewed about their reasons for reporting the crime. Respondents were divided into three groups: small (intimates), intermediate (nonintimates), and large (strangers) relational distance. While controlling for gender of the victim and type of crime, the needs of victims were found to vary with the relational distance to the offender.     

Why International Organizations Should Bring Basic Needs Back in

An important milestone in the development debate is the recognition of poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon via the capabilities approach. However, a challenge remains in that many governments in less-developed countries continue to avoid prioritizing issues of absolute deprivation. This paper demonstrates how and why existing efforts to operationalize capabilities may distract policy makers from giving sufficient weight to issues of basic survival. We propose that international organizations can address this challenge through a method of triangulation: (1) identify how countries rank on universal goals of human development; (2) identify how countries rank on universal goals of basic needs provision; and (3) promote participatory poverty assessments. This approach ensures that absolute deprivation issues are addressed, and it establishes an acceptable (and necessary) balance between standardization and local complexity.     

转型期统一战线在社会各阶层需求诉求中的功能定位及路径选择

改革开放三十年来,我国经济社会结构的转型不断深化,社会分层进一步细化,转型期统一战线在社会各阶层需求诉求中的政治引导功能进一步凸显.但是,由于我们过去对转型期统一战线在社会各阶层需求诉求中政治引导功能的认识和理解较为笼统和模糊,因而在一定程度上制约和影响r统一战线法宝作用的发挥.为此,我们应该从社会转型的一般规律出发,充分利用统一战线诉求表达、利益整合、需求实现和精神抚慰的四大功能,进一步发挥转型期统一战线在社会各阶层需求诉求中的政治引导功能.     

单因素·多因素·层次系统——中国犯罪原因研究层次30年之述评

改革开放30年以来,中国犯罪原因研究层次的总体发展脉络是:最早由单一因素研究开始,逐渐转入多种因素研究的阶段;多因素研究由平面的综合研究走向立体原因层次系统论的研究。从犯罪原因的单因素理论、犯罪原因的多因素理论到犯罪原因的层次系统论,概括地揭示了新中国犯罪原因论的发展史,说明了我们对犯罪原因的认识是逐步提高的,由浅入深,由片面走向全面。     

论人类心理的普遍性水平

人类的心理具有普遍性,这是西方主流心理学研究的前提。但是,西方主流心理学家并没有深入探讨人类心理的普遍性水平。美国心理学家Cole(1996)和Resnick(1994)曾把人的心理比作工具箱,把认知、情绪和动机等心理过程视为心理工具箱里的工具。根据跨文化心理学家的研究,我们可以看到,这些心理过程如各种工具一样,有些是某个群体的成员所特有的;有些则是每个群体的成员所共有的,出现的频率及被激活的条件也基本相同;有些虽然是每个群体的成员所共有的,但出现的频率及被激活的条件不同;还有一些出现的频率不同但被激活的条件相同,由此体现出人类心理的不同的普遍性水平。