当代中国社会变迁与都市女性择偶观嬗变

都市女性择偶观的嬗变是当代中国社会变迁的折射和反映;社会结构与社会分层的变动影响了主流社会资本在不同社会人群中的分配,那些占据主流社会资本的人群自然是都市女性择偶时的首选对象;尽管不同时代的都市女性择偶的对象不同,但通过婚姻改变命运却是这些女性的共同特性。     

空巢老人现象归因分析及获取幸福感的对策研究——以江苏省常州市为例

近年来,随着老龄化程度加快、平均寿命的延长、家庭结构核心化和小型化的变化、城市现代化的快速发展,我国空巢老人数量呈现逐年增长的加剧趋势,空巢老人现象如雨后春笋般凸显。空巢老人的成因有个人、家庭、社会等多方面因素,这三方面也就是微观、中观、宏观因素。中国的养老问题是一个动态的发展过程,家庭照顾功能逐渐弱化,社区照顾正在逐渐兴起,但社区照顾尚未成熟,还在探索及发展阶段,在中观、宏观都欠佳的状况下,抓住微观——空巢老人"自身照顾"显得尤为重要。     

The internal consumer response process: Towards an integrated conceptual model

Abstract

Most existing consumer response models explain consumer response processes in a simplistic linear and sequential manner (Strong 1925; Lavidge & Steiner 1961; Rogers 1962; McGuire 1978; Ray 1973; Smith & Swinyard 1982; Vaughn 1980; Petty & Cacioppo 1983; Preston 1982; Moriarty, Mitchell and Wells 2008), ignoring variables or factors which could alter the response process order. Although various theorists criticised existing consumer response models mainly because of this (Belch & Belch 2001; Hanekom 2006; Hanekom, Barker & Angelopulo 2007; Moriarty et al. 2008; Del Barrio-Garcia & Luque-Martinez 2003; Mortimer 2002; Wu [sa]; Bendixen 1993; Wilmshurst 1985), no efforts have been made to develop a conceptual model to address these limitations. The main objective of this article is, therefore, to develop an integrated conceptual model for the internal consumer response process through a comprehensive qualitative literature review and theoretical analysis of existing advertising response models. This model integrates existing and original consumer response levels and phases, and appends specific variables to each response level that influence the manner in which consumers internally proceed through the diverse response processes. Furthermore, the proposed model will allow the execution of more specific objectives which include (a) to propose a paradigm shift from advertising consumer response models to integrated marketing communication response models; (b) to systematise existing consumer response models by arranging them into three proposed paradigms, based on their focal aim; and (c) to develop an integrated marketing communication internal consumer response model, depicting eight internal consumer response levels, consisting of diverse internal consumer response phases.     

Victims’ responses after mass atrocities: a note on empirical findings

Empirical research has shown that in the aftermath of mass atrocities, a large majority of the victims of gross human rights violations are much more concerned with their immediate needs than with the criminal prosecution of the perpetrators of these violations. The focus must shift from the perpetrators to the victims and that, in order to bring about desirable compensating improvements in the lives of those victims who are directly affected by these gross human rights violations, greater weight must be given to the interests and concerns expressed by them about matters fundamental to their well-being. The attention of legal scholars, policy analysts, and human rights campaigners and activists of the imperativeness of material reparations to meet the crying needs of a society emerging from political violence, comparative to criminal prosecution of the perpetrators must be engaged.     

Who receives substance abuse treatment in the ‘real world’ of the prison? A register-based study of Finnish inmates

Assessing and targeting substance abuse-related treatment needs according to evidence-based practice has become the norm in most prison administrations. Not everyone with a need will, however, receive support in practical settings. Drawing on Finnish prison registers, we show that of all prisoners released in 2011, 60% were assessed as having a need for substance abuse-related support. Of these, 22% received an intervention in prison. Two multivariate models were used to examine the factors related to selection into interventions. The main factors associated with receiving an intervention with evidence-based programmes were a longer sentence, Finnish nationality, younger age and treatment motivation. The predictors for any substance abuse interventions (including non-evidence-based) were the same, with the exception that motivation was no longer a significant predictor, and female gender remained significant. The selective use of motivation as an entrance criterion for interventions can be a means of systemic adaptation to a combination of a high prevalence of substance abuse problems and a lower prevalence of treatment motivation in the prison population. We discuss how our results might reflect a Scandinavian way of doing evidence-based, prison-based drug treatment—one that stresses rehabilitation as a goal in itself in addition to reducing recidivism. Most prisoners, however, do not receive any intervention at all.     

Vitreous Humor: Biochemical Constituents in Estimation of Postmortem Interval*,†

Abstract: Analysis of biochemical constituents of the vitreous humor can be useful in determining the postmortem interval as there is proportionate postmortem rise of potassium and fall in sodium concentration. We studied 120 autopsy cases to determine the utility of potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride levels, and sodium/potassium ratio in estimating the postmortem interval. There was a linear relationship between vitreous potassium concentration and postmortem interval, whereas an inverse relationship between vitreous sodium/potassium ratio and postmortem interval was noted. Other factors like age, sex, cause of death, season of death, and refrigeration of sample did not influence the vitreous humor potassium values. Using the statistical tools, a new formula was derived to determine the postmortem interval based on the potassium concentration and a review of previous literature is presented. Hence, the findings of this study supported a central role of vitreous humor biochemistry in many postmortem forensic and pathological evaluations.     

领导学的学科性质与社会功能

当前,领导学的发展既面临着严峻的挑战,也面临着难得的机遇。推进领导学的发展必须要以更宽广的视野来研究领导规律,在研究领导活动时,必须真正将被领导者置于主体地位,运用马克思主义和科学的方法来研究并揭示科学领导的规律。要更客观地审视领导学的社会功能,将满足社会现实需要作为领导学的主要社会功能。要进一步明确当前推进领导学发展的重点是推动科学发展。     

关于完善我国个人所得税法的设想

我国个人所得税法虽经历次修改但仅是局部微调,没有弥补现行个税法的根本缺陷,我国个人所得税法的改革和完善仍任重而道远。本文借鉴国外个人所得税法改革的合理成分,在分析我国个人所得税法缺陷的基础上,提出应在分类征收模式向分类与综合相结合的征收模式转变;减少累进税率级次,降低最高边际税率;实行税收特别措施;采用基本扣除与专项扣除相结合的方式,建立弹性税制,推广税收指数化和加强征管五个方面予以完善。     

运用需求分析指导英语阅读教学

高职院校学生英语水平起点低,英语教学面临一系列的挑战.为提高英语阅读教学水平,本文运用需求分析对学生的阅读需求作了相关调查,并选择两个班级作对比,分析、比较、了解了学生的英语阅读需求,以正确指导英语阅读教学.     

运用管理心理学原理提升思想工作水平

运用管理心理学原理提升思想工作水平,是开创思想工作新局面的需要。管理心理学的需要理论、激励理论、行为改变理论等在思想工作中的运用有利于促进思想工作的与时俱进。