移动支付下“偷换二维码”行为定性研究

移动支付下出现了一种新型的支付方式——二维码支付。扫码支付不仅促进了经济的发展、提升了交易的效率,也给人们的生活带来了极大的便捷,但也衍生出一系列的弊端。近年来,通过偷换二维码来获取非法利益的案件逐渐增多,但对其应该如何定性,法学界存在争议。从整体而言,争议的双方分别持诈骗罪或者是盗窃罪的观点。一般认为,盗窃罪属于违背被害人意志取得财产的犯罪,被害人无处分行为和无处分意识;而利用被害人有瑕疵的意志则属于诈骗罪的范畴,并且被害人有一定的处分意识和处分行为。两罪区分时,被害人是否有处分意思和处分行为是两罪区分的核心因素。通过采用调查法和文献研究法,梳理两罪构成要件及其重要的区分要素,结合刑法理论和实践分析,最终认为偷换二维码的行为应该构成盗窃罪。     

债转股的政策缺陷与完善债转股工作的政策建议

债转股政策是在国有银行资本充足率过低,国有企业实现三年脱困目标有较大困难这一背景下提出的。该政策成功运作的基础非常脆弱,软化了对国有企业的约束,可能对市场机制造成损害。本认为应当从以下几方面完善债转股工作：（１）应当将债转股直接定位为对部分国有企业的财政资助,并将债转股与国有企业战略重组结合起来;（２）运用债转股政策推进国有企业经营机制转换;（３）适时调整债转股的治理结构,将资产管理公司转变为银     

A Director's Duty of Loyalty and the Relevance of the Company's Scope of Business: Cheng Wai Tao v Poon Ka Man Jason

The Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal has utilised a ‘scope of business’ inquiry to delineate the boundaries of the no‐conflict rule for the company director. Such an inquiry is directed at discerning the realistic ability of the company to exploit any particular business opportunity and a strict capacity approach is eschewed, at least where the no‐conflict rule is concerned. The decision is premised on a bifurcation between the no‐conflict and no‐profit rules, suggesting that the tests to determine breach of these fiduciary rules are not necessarily the same, thus permitting a more nuanced consideration of directorial breaches.     

刑事简易程序审判中检察制度的完善

人民检察院对简易程序的监督作为对刑事审判监督的一部分,因简易程序的特殊性而具有其特殊的实践意义.但是现行法律对简易程序中检察制度的规定还不完善,应当改革.一是要将其对简易程序的启动决定权改为建议权;二是检察机关在简易程序中也不能进行全部案卷移送,而要遵守《刑事诉讼法》第150条的规定;三是检察机关应当参加简易程序案件审判的出庭;四是应当赋予检察机关的程序变更权.     

沈家本的历史法哲学

沈家本的历史法哲学可以用三个短语表述,即“权时应变”,“融会贯通”,“保守经常”。其目的在于建立起具有中国历史传统特色的西方化的法律体系。他认为,对传统法律既要有所保留,更要大力变革;对西方法律既不应也不可能全盘移入,更不应也不可能拒之门外。其历史法哲学表现出稳重性、建设性、时代性、进步性的思想特征。     

纸张被溶液浸泡老化的变化规律研究

目的研究纸张在水及常见溶液中被浸泡老化条件下所发生的变化及规律。方法对纸张分别用纯水、茶水、5%氢氧化钠溶液和5%硫酸溶液进行溶液浸泡老化实验。结果纸张被不同溶液浸泡老化后,和无浸泡条件纸张相比,在表观特征、荧光强度和反射光谱特征等方面均有不同程度的变化。结论此实验结果可为检验可疑文件是否被溶液浸泡老化提供依据。     

“经济案件侦查”概念探究

经济案件侦查是经济案件侦查学的一个基本概念 ,其概念包括五个方向的具体内容。本人不同意“经济犯罪案件侦查”的提法 ,其根据是刑法、刑事诉讼法等法律规定 ,及罪刑法定、疑罪从无、无罪推定等原则。经济案件侦查的提法是指所有触犯刑律案件侦查活动的一部分 ,而就经济案件而言 ,又可分为 :经济纠纷案件、经济行政违法案件和经济犯罪案件三种。     

Some Aspects of the Principle of " common="" butdifferentiated="" responsibilities""="

The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, one of the key concepts of sustainable development, has dual grounding; the pressures developed countries place on the global environment; and the technologies and financial resources they command. Though the developed countries are reluctant to admit the first grounding, the developing countries have a strong leverage to induce the former to accept differentiated treatment in their favor.Thus, this principle has become to be reflected in some conventions in the field of environment and development. The reflection of this principle takes two forms: one is "double standards" in environmental protection standards as well as their implementation in favor of developing countries; and the other is assistance by developed countries for sustainable development of developing countries. At present, "double standards" seem to be inevitable, but, they must be temporary measures in view of the integral and interdependent nature of global environment. And, in order to overcome these "double standards", the attainment by developing countries of their sustainable development seems to be indispensable. In a substantial number of environmental conventions, developed country parties assume obligations to assist development country parties. However, these obligations are confirmed to "incremental costs" necessary for implementation of the convention concerned, and do not extent to assistance for sustainable development in general. Changing consumption and production patterns seems to be one of the most important aspects of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, since this concept takes issue, for the first time, with the pattern of development pursued by developed countries. However, this concept has much difficulties in translating into international legal terms.Though it may be difficult at present to characterize the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities to be a customary norm of international law, it is surely a basic principle of international law, and as such, may operate as a guiding principle for law-making, as well as for the interpretation and application of conventions in the field of environment and development.     

一事不再罚理论的再认识--试从哲学层面上分析

"一事不再罚"在操作过程中遇到了诸多麻烦,表明其深层理论之单薄.从另一层面揭示了一事不再罚的若干理念、规则和运作过程,从哲理和适用实践的结合中对一事不再罚中的"事"、"罚"、"事与罚之关系"、"不"等进行了认真分析,在哲理分析过程中,尽可能结合规则与案例.     

论刑事判决的种类

刑事审判是一个动态过程 ,在不同的诉讼阶段 ,针对不同的情形也就应当有不同种类的判决。现行刑事法律仅规定有罪判决和无罪判决两种形式的判决 ,这是不符合诉讼实践的 ;有关司法解释中规定的“不负刑事责任的判决”和“终止审理”的含义令人质疑。建议在我国刑事判决中 ,应增加包括免诉判决、驳回起诉判决等几种新的判决形式。