Two-dimensional linear analysis of dynamic bare footprints: A comparison of measurement techniques

In forensic intelligence-gathering, footprints have been shown to be valued evidence found at crime scenes. Forensic podiatrists and footprint examiners use a variety of techniques for measuring footprints for comparison of the crime scene evidence with the exemplar footprints. This study examines three different techniques of obtaining two-dimensional linear measurement data of dynamic bare footprints. Dynamic bare footprints were gathered from 50 students from a podiatric medical school using the Identicator® Inkless Shoe Print Model LE 25P system. After obtaining 100 bilateral footprints from the participants, the quantitative measurement data were collected by using three different measurement techniques: (i) a manual technique using a ruler (direct technique); (ii) an Adobe® Photoshop® technique; and (iii) a GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) technique. The seven Reel linear measurement methodology was used for producing measurements using these three techniques.This study showed that all the mean bare footprint measurements on the right and left feet obtained using the direct technique were larger than those obtained using GIMP and Adobe® Photoshop® images. Differences were also observed in measurements produced using GIMP software and Photoshop images. However, the differences observed in the three techniques used for bare footprint measurements were not found to be statistically significant. The study concludes that there are no significant differences between the three measurement techniques when applied to two-dimensional bare footprints using the Reel method. It further concluded that any of these measurement techniques can be used when employing the Reel methodology for footprint analysis without significant difference.     

Contactless Visualization of Latent Fingerprints on Nonporous Curved Surfaces of Circular Cross Section—A Statistical Evaluation on the Materials as Plane Mirror

A new contactless technique for latent fingerprint visualization on nonporous curved surfaces of circular cross section was introduced by Low et al. (1). The technique utilizes a plane mirror to convey the light rays toward the inspected surfaces for latent fingerprint visualization. This research activity came up as an extension of the previous study which utilized an aluminum plate as the plane mirror to illuminate the inspected surfaces. Dulling spray was used to increase the diffuse component of the reflective aluminum plate. However, the amount of dulling spray will affect the uniformity of the illumination on the inspected curved surfaces. In this study, a study on the new materials for the plane mirror was carried out. Coated aluminum, opal, and ground glass diffusers were selected as the new materials. The performance of the new materials was compared to the aluminum based on the quality of the captured images on various nonporous cylindrical surfaces. A statistical approach known as randomized complete block design was used to design the experiment. The quality of the captured images was obtained using Spectral Image Validation and Verification. Two‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test were used to analyze the quality of the images. From the results of the statistical analysis, coated aluminum has the best performance compared to aluminum, opal, and ground glass diffusers.     

谈心理测试技术介入刑事诉讼

心理测试技术作为一种应用广泛的科技手段,在侦查实践中发挥着重要作用。但是,心理测试的结果能否作为刑事诉讼的证据,法律上对此并未作出明确的规定。为了进一步规范心理测试技术的应用,有必要就这项技术的产生、发展及其科学原理和测试结果在刑事诉讼中的地位等方面进行深入探讨,并建立、健全心理测试技术应用制度。     

论现行刑事技术管理体制存在的问题及改革构想

目前,我国的刑事技术和管理体制之间存在着运行规律和管理职能、市场与计划之间的矛盾,且缺乏统一运作的长效机制,因而,必须对我国的刑事科学技术管理体制进行改革,建立新型的刑事科学技术管理体制。具体来说,则应加强纯粹的刑事技术部门之间的联系,积极创建市场运行机制,合理分配资源。     

浅析铁路货盗案件作案手段的新特点及对策

在铁路货盗案件中 ,犯罪分子的作案手段也在不断地变化 :(1)选择目标准确 ,吊打车门的“智能化” ;(2 )采用技术手法 ,迫使列车慢行或停车 ;(3)内定联系暗号 ,掀盗货物的“专业化” ;(4)作案联络及运赃工具的“现代化”。如何发挥刑事技术在侦破货盗案件中的作用 ,成为摆在技术人员面前的重要课题。本文从铁路货盗犯罪作案手段的新特点和技术工作对策两方面进行了探讨。     

DNA分析与种属鉴定

种属鉴定在法医学实践中占有重要地位。现行用于法医学种属鉴定的方法主要有形态学、血清学和DNA分析技术。本文就种属鉴定的技术发展以及各种技术的优缺点做一比较,重点讨论了DNA分析技术在种属鉴定中的应用价值。     

生态环境中科技异化的技术对策

科技的应用给人类带来了环境问题,而环境问题依然需要用科技去解决。我们相信,人们能够解决自身带来的环境问题。     

RBAC与保密数据库跨系统共享研究

公安信息系统都具有保密性和封闭性,这给信息资源共享利用造成巨大障碍。通过研究RBAC控制和管理技术,提出利用RBAC模型和跨数据库检索技术结合实现数据分级加密和共享的模式,完成公安保密系统的跨信息系统、跨警种共享和资源互补利用,从而解决公安信息系统的保密性和资源共享的矛盾。     

The Base Rate Study: Developing Base Rates for Risk Factors and Indicators for Engagement in Violent Extremism

Improvements have been made in identifying the prevalence of risk factors/indicators for violent extremism. A consistent problem is the lack of base rates. How to develop base rates is of equal concern. This study has two aims: (i) compare two methods for developing base rates; the Unmatched Count Technique (UCT) and direct questioning, (ii) generate base rates in a general population sample and compare these to a sample of lone-actor terrorists (n = 125). We surveyed 2108 subjects from the general population. Participants were recruited from an online access panel and randomly assigned to one of three conditions; direct survey, control, or UCT. Survey items were based on a lone-actor terrorist codebook developed from the wider literature. Direct questioning was more suitable under our study conditions where UCT resulted in deflation effects. Comparing the base rates identified a number of significant differences: (i) lone-actor terrorists demonstrated propensity indicators related to a cognitive susceptibility, and a crime- and/or violence-supportive morality more often; the general sample demonstrated protective factors more often, (ii) lone-actor terrorists demonstrated situational indicators related to a crime- and/or violence-supportive morality more often, whereas the general sample experienced situational stressors more often, (iii) lone-actor terrorists demonstrated indicators related to exposure to extremism more often. Results suggest there are measurable differences in the prevalence of risk factors between lone-actor terrorists and the general population. However, no single factor “predicts” violent extremism. This bears implications for our understanding of the interrelation of risk and protective factors, and for the risk assessment of violent extremism.     

论培育和造就新型农民

新型农民是有文化、懂技术、会经营的农民。要建立一支良好的农村文化队伍,加强思想道德建设,发展教育文化,提高农民的文化素质;要从实际出发,合理确定科技培训的内容和重点,完善培训体系,加强培训工程,提高农民的技术水平;要大力开展经营管理知识和政策民主法制教育,提高农民的政策民主法制素质和经营管理能力。