民事诉讼司法认知对象范围探讨

司法认知是世界上许多国家证据法上所普遍适用的就某些特定的案件事实由法官直接加以确认 ,从而免除当事人举证责任的一种诉讼规则。我国关于司法认知的立法与研究同外国相比差距较大 ,在民事诉讼中如何客观地界定司法认知的对象范围 ,尚需深入研究。笔者认为 ,民事诉讼司法认知对象有事实和法律两方面。事实范围包括众所周知的事实、司法事实、政府事实、易于获知的事实 ;法律范围包括本国法、国际条约和惯例、外国法。     

民营经济发展的外部环境制约因素透视

随着我国经济发展越来越市场化 ,民营经济有了较大的发展 ,但是这种发展相对于民营经济在现实经济生活中的地位和作用来说 ,还远远不够。目前制约我国民营经济发展有五大障碍和深层次原因。只有深化改革、开拓创新 ,为民营经济的发展进行制度松绑 ,解除歧视性的环境制约 ,才能促进民营经济的大发展     

犯罪团伙形成的心理因素

犯罪团伙的形成主要受三个方面心理因素的影响 ,即寻求相似同伙的心理、次文化心理和欲求相同心理的影响。罪犯结成团伙后行为更加放纵 ,危害也特别严重     

Measurement Properties of the Communities That Care<Superscript>®</Superscript> Youth Survey Across Demographic Groups

Prevention science has produced information about risk and protective factors that predict adolescent drug use and related problem behaviors. This paper investigates the Communities That Care Youth Survey that measures multiple risk and protective factors. Using a sample of 172,628 students who participated in surveys administered in seven states in 1998, analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of these risk and protective factors and to test the equivalence of the factor models across five racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, Caucasians, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans), four grade levels (6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th) and both gender groups. Results support the construct validity of the surveys risk and protective factor scales and indicate that the measures are equally reliable across males and females and five racial/ethnic groups. Implications of these findings for science-based prevention planning are discussed.     

Correlates of the Co-Occurrence of Wife Abuse and Child Abuse Among a Representative Sample

The co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse is well documented (Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). J. Fam. Psychol. 12: 578–599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). Violence Against Women 5: 134–154). However, little is known about the correlates of co-occurring wife and child abuse. Analyzing data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey (subsample N = 2733), this study identified risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare characteristics of parents, children, and households among subgroups of families reporting some form of abuse. Key differences emerged between the three types of homes compared (i.e., those with child abuse alone, wife abuse alone, or wife and child abuse), indicating possibly distinct etiologies and processes. In particular, the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse was marked by less education, worse health, increased reports of depression, and increased husband drug use. Findings may be useful to practitioners and researchers interested in risk factors for different forms of family violence.The total does not equal 100% because certain states report more than one form of maltreatment per child.     

"弱国家"形态及其根源:印尼的案例

本文主要探究弱国家的形态特征及其根源,并具体分析了印尼这一个案.所谓弱国家,是指政府(履行其基本职能的)能力滑坡、社会结构趋向于涣散的这一类国家,是介于正常运转国家与失败国家之间的一种国家类型.造成弱国家局面的因素是多方面的,既包括政治形态转型期的新旧二元结构冲突,也包括原本就比较松散的种族一宗教结构,以及全球化时代来自世界体系的压力.新权威主义可能是转型时期国家避免弱国家局面的一种实用制度和策略.     

关于挪用公款罪犯罪客体的探讨

职务行为的廉洁性是贪污贿赂罪的同类客体,本身内容并不清楚,不宜作为挪用公款罪的直接客体。挪用公款罪的直接客体应该是国家工作人员的职权行为对特定财产之占有使用权能的不可侵犯性和特定财产之占有使用权能本身。挪用公款罪的本质是"公款私用"。其特点有二:一是滥用职权,二是个人非法获得利益。     

按生产要素分配的理论与实践——兼谈按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合

生产要素主要是指劳动、资本、土地和经营才能。收益在不同的生产要素之间进行分配, 各生产要素在获取报酬时, 是以让渡自己的产权为前提条件的。在改制企业, 工资分配与红利分配的关系越来越紧密, 收入差距将继续扩大。工资改革的基本思路是： 依托企业产权制度改革, 培育和完善市场主体, 建立合理的收入分层机制, 实现三大分配原则, 保证收入分配与社会经济目标和企业经营目标的融合与协调。     

影响青少年心理行为问题的社会环境和家庭因素探析

青少年的心理行为问题一直困扰着教师和家长,对个体、家庭乃至社会造成负面影响.通过对社会环境和家庭因素分析,青少年心理行为问题有其产生的必然性.青少年的违法行为大部分在外界环境的诱惑下产生,带有明显的情绪色彩和盲目性,只有从感化他们的内心,措施得当,并为青少年营造一个良好的社会环境,学校、家庭和个人积极合作,才能预防青少年心理行为问题的发生.