试论生育权

作者对生育权的概念,地位、保护其主体的权利和义务,以及生育权与计划生育的关系等问题做了较深入的探讨,以期引起读者对生育权的重视。     

Tax planning and tax policy in China: Case study of the tainted milk scandal

No food safety crisis has ever stirred such a national sensation in China like the tainted milk powder scandal in 2008. A further exploration of the root cause of this crisis, however, reveals something more disturbing—it is the undeveloped tax system that causes the melamine milk crisis. Because of the tension between political logic and governance logic of tax reform in China, the vacuum of public good provision becomes a burning issue since the Agricultural Tax Regulation was abolished and farmers’ economic burden became heavier than before. Thus, in order to prevent any food safety incident in the future, a sound notion of tax and an integrated system of tax planning and expenditure should be established and reinforced in the Chinese tax law.     

论劳动报酬权的优先权属性

劳动报酬权作为社会性权利,既是契约自由的表现,也是国家干预的结果。它的权利属性,决定了它的优先权属性。劳动报酬优先权具有一般特定债权的优先权特征和社会权法定性特征。我国立法特别是劳动法应确立劳动报酬权优先实现原则。     

中国高等法学教育现状及改革思路

依法治国要求不仅要有高素质的执法队伍,更应有大量的高素质的法律人才储备。高等法学教育应该适应这种要求,与中国现代化的法制建设相连接,为依法治国建设提供精神动力和人才支持。     

论中国新农村战略规划与生态环境保护的选择

新农村环境规划是解决三农问题的桥梁,是新农村战略规划的重要内涵。给予农民最大自主权才能搞好农村战略规划。不恰当的整体与局部,生态保护与自我发展的政策链接点,阻碍了环境规划的实施。借鉴外来成功的经验,立足国情,处理好发展与保护的关系,建立起公平合理的生态保护体系,农村战略规划才具有科学性、前瞻性和可操作性。     

Resource Base of Peasants in the Brazilian Amazon: Planning Solutions for Current Problems of Sustainability

Abstract — This is the second paper of a series following a study carried out in the Brazilian Amazon region of peasant livelihoods, their current character and problems of sustainability. It analyses how different people might be affected by environmental degradation in the region by looking at their social and economic activities, the degree of dependency on wild resources, land ownership and the social relations underpinning the structure of the labour force. The study covers three districts within the ecological system of terra firme. Extractivist activities generate income and contribute considerably to food supplies throughout the year. Access to these resources is not generally tied to ownership. Environmental degradation may reduce the future availability of resources or, alternatively, attack health directly. Peasants exposure to these risks is assessed and the long-term sustainability of their livelihoods examined. Possible planning solutions to problems are presented and the more recent debate on the creation of conservation units (SNUC) in Brazil is discussed.     

论立法规划的性质

立法规划,指一定的国家机关依照法定的职权,在一定政策与原则的指导下,根据一定的方式、程序与技术,对立法的进程进行的系统安排与设计。立法规划不仅仅是一种技术,或立法过程中的一个阶段,而且是立法政策的体现。立法规划具有政策性、非正式程序性和技术性。     

析《规划环境影响评价条例》

《规划环境影响评价条例》的颁布是我国环境立法的重大进展。它对进一步规范和促进规划环境影响评价工作,切实保障在规划源头预防环境污染和生态破坏,健全环境影响评价制度具有重要意义。与环境影响评价法相比,该务例有很多亮点,但仍存在一些缺陷。针对其存在的问题,如何强化公众参与、完善规划审查、强化法律责任、增加替代方案等,将是今后条例完善应重点探讨的问题。     

Strategic planning on promoting Macau cultural heritage tourism

The Macau economy has developed rapidly after the handover to China in 1999; the gambling industry made a great contribution to this development and continues today. However, overdependence of the unitary industry structure is risky; hence, diversity in economic development is essential to sustainable development in Macau. After Macau was listed in the ＂world heritage list＂ in 2005, Macau cultural heritage tourism as a new concept has been promoted by the Macau Government. This paper uses SWOT analysis to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Macau cultural heritage tourism. The excellent guidance of promotion from the government is needed in order to successfully create a positive image of cultural heritage tourism. Suggestions to promote Macau cultural heritage tourism are given in the last part of the paper.     

Hidden Costs and Deadweight Losses: Bundled Parking and Residential Rents in the Metropolitan United States

There is a major housing affordability crisis in many American metropolitan areas, particularly for renters. Minimum parking requirements in municipal zoning codes drive up the price of housing, and thus represent an important potential for reform for local policymakers. The relationship between parking and housing prices, however, remains poorly understood. We use national American Housing Survey data and hedonic regression techniques to investigate this relationship. We find that the cost of garage parking to renter households is approximately $1,700 per year, or an additional 17% of a housing unit’s rent. In addition to the magnitude of this transport cost burden being effectively hidden in housing prices, the lack of rental housing without bundled parking imposes a steep cost on carless renters—commonly the lowest income households—who may be paying for parking that they do not need or want. We estimate the direct deadweight loss for carless renters to be $440 million annually. We conclude by suggesting cities reduce or eliminate minimum parking requirements, and allow and encourage landlords to unbundle parking costs from housing costs.