妇女法律权益认知模型的建构与应用———基于第三期妇女社会地位调查陕西省数据的对策性研究

由于传统观念、性别意识、制度设计等方面的偏差,妇女法律权益的维护在实践中仍然很难落实.尽管以《妇女权益保障法》为核心,我国亦在逐步建立和完善妇女权益法律保障体系,但法制的完备并不能等同于法治的昌明,徒法不足以自行,尤其对于妇女权益保障这一话题而言,司法体系和社会公众对于既有制度的认同和妇女法律权益的认知,从根本上决定了现有法律体系运转的效果.根据这一逻辑,本文构建了妇女法律权益认知模型,并以此模型为工具,以第三期妇女社会地位调查陕西省数据为基础,分析了目前妇女法律权益维护中的重点和难点问题,并有针对性地提出了对策方案.     

经济外交与中国—东盟区域合作:内涵、实践与效用

经济外交是中国—东盟自由贸易区建成后中国与东盟共同获取正和经济利益、化解地区内矛盾的一种新途径。本文从中国对东盟经济外交的实践着手,分析其对提升区域合作层次、构建中国和谐周边的作用,并探索性地指出中国在对东盟实施经济外交过程中几个值得关注的问题。     

19世纪初至20世纪初新加坡华人的职业结构

本文扼要分析了19世纪初至20世纪初英属殖民地新加坡华人的职业结构。大体而言,华人的职业主要为商、工(工匠和劳工)两大类。新加坡华人的职业和方言群之间存在着一些密切关系:从事商业活动的多为福建人(闽南人);潮州人主要从事甘蜜和胡椒种植业;广府人和客家人以工匠居多;海南人则是雇员。造成这种现象的出现,有其必然原因。     

How We Feel about the Deal

Recent experimental research suggests that humans are prone to systematic errors when determining how they currently feel, imagining how they will feel about future events, remembering how they have felt about past events, and understanding the preferences that underlie their decisions. In this article, we briefly review three basic assumptions that are called into question by recent findings regarding specific kinds of errors that people are prone to make. We suggest that this line of research has important implications for negotiation theory, research, advice, and practice.     

Patient narrative: an ‘on-switch’ for evaluating best interests

This article examines how the wishes, feelings, values and beliefs of adults lacking capacity can be evaluated and the extent to which they are given effect in best interests decision-making. One way of fulfilling the clinician’s legal responsibilities to take a patient’s preferences into account is to explicitly link these to the notion of narrative. Narratives provide a compelling grounding and give weight to views and values that may have been informally and consistently expressed in the past. An evaluation of recent case law suggests that the trajectory of a person’s life, their character and personality, and the perspectives of those with whom the patient has valued relationships are given increasing judicial recognition. Attending to the narrative of the patient could lead to a more sophisticated judgement of best interests than an objective ‘balance sheet’ approach would allow and enable greater alignment with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.     

Silicosis: Diagnosis and Medicolegal Implications

Despite well‐publicized sources of occupational hazard, silicosis continues to threaten industrial workers in the United States. We performed a retrospective search of the University of Wisconsin electronic pathology database to retrieve autopsy cases of silicosis and collaborated with the Wisconsin Department of Health Services to obtain statewide epidemiologic data regarding silicosis morbidity/mortality since 2003. Three silicosis autopsy cases were retrieved: all were men with ≥ 30 years of occupational crystalline silica exposure and similar histologic features of collagenous pulmonary nodules with admixed refractile particles. Overall, our state exceeds the national rate of silicosis‐related hospitalizations and mortality, that is, 10.1 hospitalizations per million WI residents versus 1.2 nationally and 1.2 deaths per million WI residents versus 0.4 nationally. Surveillance is crucial to identify emerging occupational hazards and protect workers. A diagnosis of silicosis must be carefully considered at autopsy since it carries substantial implications for worker's compensation, compensatory losses, and employer liability.     

海洋发展战略背景下我国海洋刑事立法若干理论问题探讨

区分陆上犯罪与海上犯罪是应对日益增长的海上犯罪、彰显海上犯罪的基本特征和适应海上司法实践发展的需要。由于特殊罪名的适用效果不佳、适用范围有限,一般罪名未能反映海上犯罪的特点,因而它们均不能适应海洋发展战略的需要。现行刑法只适用于我国领域内发生的海上犯罪,而不能适用于领海外国家管辖海域内发生的犯罪。涉海国际公约只规定了海上犯罪的罪名和罪状而没有规定法定刑,对国际法的海上犯罪适用现有一般罪名违反禁止类推原则,也没有体现海上犯罪的特点;不仅适用程序繁琐,而且使结果处于不确定状态,因此,国际法的海上犯罪应转化为国内法的海上犯罪。     

论受贿罪客观方面的几个问题

受贿罪中的受贿对象不应仅限于财物,还应包括物质性利益和不正当利益."利用职务上的便利"应理解为利用本人职权的便利,包括利用将来职务上的便利,但不包括利用过去职务上的便利."为他人谋取利益"是受贿罪的客观要件而非主观要件,在受贿罪的犯罪构成中应当"有条件地保留",是否"为他人谋取利益"并不影响受贿罪的既遂.     

被害人承诺问题研究

被害人承诺,是现代社会广泛认可、但我国刑法中没有明文规定的排除犯罪性事由。其法理基础是,刑法以保护个人利益为首要任务,被害人自愿放弃的利益不在刑法的保护范围之内。被害人承诺的适用范围,应是除了侵害生命之外的一切侵害个人利益的犯罪;被害人承诺的成立条件,必须从体现被害人的真实意思的角度来考虑;被害人只有在有关法益处分的决定上具有错误的场合,其承诺才无效;推定承诺,兼具被害人的现实承诺和紧急避险的特征,其适用要受到严格限制。     

"出嫁女"土地权益保护的困境与出路——从民间法角度切入

村委会以村规民约等方式限制、剥夺"出嫁女"的土地权益,而这种以村规民约等形式表现的民间法以单系继替偏重的社会继替规律以及"男婚女嫁"的习俗为其存在的社会基础。因此,要实现对"出嫁女"土地权益的有效保护,必须通过发展农村经济、贯彻国家计划生育政策、开展法治宣传、完善农村社会保障制度,动、消除这种民间法存在的基础,实现国家法在农村的有效推进。