论WTO争端解决的合理执行期仲裁——兼论中美知识产权案的执行对策

2009年1月12日和3月20日,WTO的DSB先后通过裁定中国有关立法或行政措施违反WTO有关协定的争端解决报告。根据WTO规则,我国应立即执行有关裁定。如立即执行不可能,则可要求一个合理执行期。如与有关争端方商定合理执行期未成,则根据DSU有关规定采用仲裁裁决该合理执行期。在概述WTO仲裁程序的基础上,着重讨论仲裁合理执行期的实践及其存在问题,从而提出我国应对合理执行期的若干建议。     

Automated DNA extraction using the QIAsymphony platform: Estimation of DNA recovery from simulated forensic stains

The aim of this study was to evaluate the forensic protocol recently developed by Qiagen for the QIAsymphony automated DNA extraction platform. Samples containing low amounts of DNA were specifically considered, since they represent the majority of samples processed in our laboratory. The analysis of simulated blood and saliva traces showed that the highest DNA yields were obtained with the maximal elution volume available for the forensic protocol, that is 200 μl. Resulting DNA extracts were too diluted for successful DNA profiling and required a concentration. This additional step is time consuming and potentially increases inversion and contamination risks. The 200 μl DNA extracts were concentrated to 25 μl, and the DNA recovery estimated with real-time PCR as well as with the percentage of SGM Plus alleles detected. Results using our manual protocol, based on the QIAamp DNA mini kit, and the automated protocol were comparable. Further tests will be conducted to determine more precisely DNA recovery, contamination risk and PCR inhibitors removal, once a definitive procedure, allowing the concentration of DNA extracts from low yield samples, will be available for the QIAsymphony.     

晚清时期东北报业评述

19世纪末,东北近代报业艰难起步。与全国大部分地区比较,晚清时期东北报业发展居于中流。日俄战争前,为东北报业的发端;从日俄战争结束,到民国成立,则为东北报业的发展时期。在十余年的发展过程中,晚清东北报业呈现官报发达、民报活跃、新闻控制严酷等特点,而正是晚清东北社会向近代化的变迁,促成了报业的发展。     

国内法庭科学中文件制成时间检验技术简析

文件制成时间的检验多年来一直是国际法庭科学的热点问题。上世纪 30年代以来 ,各国法庭科学工作者利用各种现代分析仪器对墨水字迹、圆珠笔油墨字迹形成时间进行广泛研究 ,取得了许多研究成果。我国对墨水字迹书写时间检验技术的研究起步较晚 ,始于 5 0年代 ,经过三十年的努力 ,与国外先进水平之间的差距逐步缩小。但是 ,在许多基层办案部门 ,受技术水平、仪器设备等条件的限制 ,开展该项业务还缺乏科学规范性。     

民初法官素养论略

民国初年所颁布的法规、司法法令报刊上发表的相关论文以及事实报道等基本材料表明,法官的独立品性、专业能力、经验和学识等在当时已经受到重视,并作为对法官考核的基本要求,但是这样做却未能造就符合近代司法理念的法官队伍。这显现出民初法官选任和考绩制度内在标准的某些缺失。     

老年人精神赡养方法探微

随着老年人口,特别是高龄老年人口的增多,对老年人的精神赡养问题应引起人们的高度重视。为了提高老年人的精神生活质量,本文试图从探访老年人的角度提供一些对老年人精神赡养的方法和技巧。     

Estimating the Time of Death in Domestic Canines

Abstract:  Because 36.1% of U.S. households have dogs, the time of death (TOD) of dogs at crime scenes can be useful to forensic investigators. However, there are few published studies based on postmortem changes in dogs. This study, conducted indoors in still air at approximately room temperature, monitored the postmortem reduction in rectal, liver, brain, and aural temperatures in 16 dogs for 32 h after death. Graphs of temperature reduction were prepared to estimate the TOD of dogs within the first 32 h postmortem. Sex, body mass, and hair coat density did not affect the rate of body temperature reduction, but increased body weight and volume slowed it. Rectal temperature was the most convenient, reasonable site for measuring body temperature. Vitreous humor potassium ion concentration [K⁺] was measured in both eyes at c.  1.5 and 7 h after death. Both eyes had the same [K⁺] when measured simultaneously, and [K⁺] increased after death.     

Unusual Death of a Transvestite: Identification of Crime Weapon and Survival Time*

Abstract: The authors report a case of a transvestite found murdered near his automobile with several lacerated contused wounds to the face and cranial fractures. Autopsy revealed that the cause of death was a serious head trauma with subdural and subarachnoidal hemorrhages. In order to identify the crime weapon, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used which revealed metallic residue on the skin fragments with the same molecular composition of the car paint. As for survival time, antibody anti‐beta‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) was applied to brain fragments and brainstem tissue, allowing for axonal varicosities (which form 2 to 3 h following death) to be observed under the optic microscope. So, by using SEM we understood that the fatal cranial‐encephalic lesions were the result of the victim’s head being repeatedly struck against the car door while anti‐betaAPP led to the understanding that the time elapsed between injury and death was less than 2 to 3 h.     

刍议转化犯之转化条件

正确理解转化犯的转化条件是明确划定转化犯的界限并准确适用转化条款的关键。转化犯的前行为可以是非罪行为。转化犯发生转化的时空条件,从时间上看,应包括本罪行为造成的不法状态的持续期间;从空间上看,应包括本罪行为实施场所的合理延展。客观条件的变化是转化犯发生转化的实质条件。     

死后组织DNA变化与死亡时间关系的研究

为调查死后组织DNA含量变化与死亡时间的关系,本文采用流式细胞仪对死后0～96小时(0～96hourpostmortem,hpm)大鼠的骨骼肌、脾、肾细胞DNA含量进行分析,结果表明,各组织显示了随死后间隔时间延长,含碎片DNA细胞增多,含完整DNA细胞减少的趋势;DNA降解系列组方图分析结果表明,脾组织降解速度明显快于肾和骨骼肌组织;骨骼肌在制成单细胞悬液过程中的人为损伤,可造成DNA提前降解.