改土归流:明代云南治所城镇发展历程的重要转折

明代,云南一些政区的改土归流成为了其治所城镇发展演变的一个重要转折点,有的因此而筑造城池,有的以此为契机而迁移治所,甚而筑造了城池.这一转折具有十分重要的历史意义,它标志着新的统治据点的建立,有利于封建政治统治的加强,同时也成为这些治所城镇新的发展起点,形成了当时治所城镇的发展模式,使其地理位置分布地点更趋于适宜,这就有利于治所城镇的发展并影响其在后世的演变.     

论鄂尔泰改土归流的原则和策略——兼对“江外宜土不宜流,江内宜流不宜土”说质疑

鄂尔泰改土归流的原则和策略是其施政思想的重要内容。由于鄂尔泰能审时度势 ,有切合当地实际的原则指导 ,加之采取了灵活的策略 ,从而使其在云南、贵州、广西的改土归流得以顺利进行 ,并在一定程度上取得了成功。至于“江外宜土不宜流 ,江内宜流不宜土”的提法 ,鄂尔泰在其改土归流中并未实践过     

刍议党政副职兼任工会主席

在国企体制改革中出现的由企业党政副职兼任工会主席的现象与工会改革的理论相违 ,也不符合党对工会工作的指导方针。这种存在的客观性说明 ,目前的企业工会缺乏独立承担社会任务的能力条件 ,但现实条件下的这种存在有利于工会工作。中国工会对市场经济的适应是一个历史的过程。当前是在党政扶持下加强和提高工会组织能力、素质及社会影响 ,为工会实现群众化、民主化、法治化的历史性转变准备社会条件所必须经历的时期。     

司法工作人员与无身份者共同实施真正身份犯的共犯成立类型

根据共犯处罚根据论中的修正的惹起说,以及对实行行为的实质理解,在无身份者参与司法工作人员实施的真正身份犯的犯罪行为的场合,无身份者不仅可以构成教唆犯或者帮助犯,而且还可以构成共同正犯。甚至无身份者还完全可以利用司法工作人员实施犯罪,构成真正身份犯的间接正犯,不过这种场合下司法工作人员不构成犯罪,二者不再构成共同犯罪。在司法工作人员参与无身份者实施的真正身份犯的犯罪行为时,司法工作人员只能构成间接正犯,而不能构成教唆犯,无身份者只能构成帮助犯,不能构成实行犯。     

《救助管理办法》与公安执法工作

相对于《收容遣送办法》,《救助管理办法》在立法目的的选择、执法主体的确定、受助对象的界定、救助主体双方的权利义务规定等方面都发生了重要变化。因应这些变化,公安机关在执法工作中应该正确进行角色定位,及时转变执法理念,提高职业法律意识,增强综合执法能力,以适应新条件下的社会治安形势。     

Death wearing a badge--a study of police officers who died in the line of duty in Metro Dade County from 1956 to 1982

A study of police officers who died in the line of duty in Metro Dade County, U.S.A. was performed. All cases in which a law enforcement officer died while on duty or, off duty while performing police action were collected from the files of the Medical Examiner Department from 1956 to 1982. Cases were then analyzed as to age, race, sex, cause and manner of death, scene circumstances, alcohol and drugs detected at autopsy. A total of 37 cases was studied.     

试论严禁刑讯逼供的法律完善

刑讯逼供行为不仅严重侵犯犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人身权利 ,而且严重损害司法机关的威信。刑讯逼供之所以屡禁不止 ,重要的原因就是 :法律的不完善致使一些司法工作人员对刑讯逼供罪的危害性没有引起足够的重视以及犯罪嫌疑人、被告人相应的权利得不到充分的保护。应进一步完善实体法和程序法 ,使司法工作人员增强对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的法律保护意识 ,最终有效遏制刑讯逼供的发生。     

Community not the Councillors: A Study of Commitment of Australian Senior Council Officers Working under a Politicised Employment Relationship

Council officers as public managers are expected to work for the community. Yet, it has been argued that council officers working under a politicised employment relationship are likely to be more committed to the elected councillors than to the community. This proposition has been examined through a survey of senior council officers across Australia and the results are presented in this article. This study develops an analytical approach which combines for the first time the multi-focus and the multiple bases of managerial commitment approaches, applies this to the case of Australian local government managers and finds that although most senior council officers perceive that their employment is politicised they remain committed to the community. Based upon these findings, it is argued that a conceptual framework utilising a combined multi-focus and multiple bases approach is more appropriate to the study of commitment of local government managers and to managers in the public sector in general than the use of either approach alone.     

1952年司法改革运动与法学界的反思——以北京市旧司法人员清理与改造为视角

1952年至1953年的司法改革运动是新中国成立后第一次司法改革,其理念与制度产物仍影响着现今司法体制的建构.司法改革运动的一条隐形动因是破解"案多人少",重塑审判工作模式,为新中国司法制度提供"人民属性"的法理诠释,并尝试建设"政治维度"、"人民维度"和"法律维度"和谐共生的新型司法制度.1957年整风期间,法学界对司法改革运动进行了反思与批判,但囿于意识形态干扰,最终酿成"反击右倾扩大化",导致"案多人少"的矛盾更加突出,司法制度全面倾斜"政治维度",进而演变成为新中国法制建设的灾难.     

Female Police Officers and Their Experiences: The Metropolitan Police of Buenos Aires Context

This research explores the experience of female police officers in the Metropolitan Police of Buenos Aires, which began providing public safety in 2010. The purpose of this research is to better understand the barriers and opportunities female officers are encountering in this new context of community policing in Latin America. With better understanding, law enforcement officials will be better equipped to ensure that female officers achieve at the highest levels in organizations. Responding female officers identified civic duty as a primary reason for joining the force. Female officers did not report significant levels of institutional discrimination but did report informal disparaging treatment, including sexual harassment. The results of this research suggest that as this young police force matures, officials should pay close attention to the emerging culture of the organization, as many common and negative aspects of it have already started to form.