"辞官下海"与廉政监控

本文简述了近年来出现的我国第二次党政干部辞职经商办企业的类型、特点及对廉政建设的冲击,阐述了在职党政干部不得经商办企业的廉政义务,论证了离职党政干部在离职后的一定期限内仍然负有这一义务,分析了这一义务的例外情形,主张对离职党政干部到企业任职作更完善的制度建设和更有效的监控.     

论国际刑法中的贿赂外国官员罪

贿赂外国官员罪是一种具有广泛危害性的国际腐败犯罪,自20世纪70年代以来,联合国及其他国际组织通过了一系列法律文件对其作出规定,并不断加强国际合作,以预防和惩治该种犯罪。贿赂外国官员罪的构成具有跨国或涉外因素,行贿方是一国的国民、法人或者其代理人,受贿方是另一国家的官员,且本罪的构成只涉及行贿方的行贿行为,而不包括受贿方的受贿行为。本罪的犯罪目的是为使外国官员不履行其法定职责,以便行贿人自己或者其他人在国际商业交易中谋取不正当利益。     

秦汉时期西南少数民族职官制度的形成与发展

秦王朝的建立,标志着中央集权的统一多民族国家的形成.汉袭秦制,进一步巩固和完善了这一国家体制.秦汉王朝实行的羁縻职官制度是这一政策的集中体现.     

关于中国古代官箴书的几个问题

官箴书是中国封建专制社会官僚政治发展到一定阶段的产物。它的出现 ,一方面是基于仕途中人修养官德、学习为政之术的需要 ,另一方面也可以说是肇始于孔子的中国古代官文化进一步发展的必然逻辑。历代官箴当以吕本中的《官箴》为最简练 ,被后世许多官员奉为圭臬 ;以元代张养浩的《三事忠告》为最规整 ,一度成为仕途中人的从政教科书 ;以陈宏谋的《五种遗规》为最深刻 ,深发官场之哲理 ;以汪辉祖的《学治臆说》系列为最实用 ,号称“翻书可决疑难狱讼”。历代官箴作为官员的道德行为戒条 ,其内容不仅表达了帝王的政治要求 ,在某种意义上也包含着民众的政治期望 ,同时还体现了官僚的某种自律意识。     

行政公文写作中常见格式问题探析

本文着重分析了公文写作中存在的格式不规范问题,讨论了产生不规范现象的原因,从认识公文格式规范的重要作用角度,提出了改进办法。     

论柳宗元复兴儒学之贡献

柳宗元一生信奉儒家思想,并在“文以明道”中弘扬了儒家的中道思想和民本思想。他好佛而不溺信佛,以一个思想家的理性和卓识,显示了对多种社会文化思想兼容并包的恢宏气度。他以“势”论政体更替的历史观,以“元气”论自然的天道观,以及“统合儒释”的文化理想等等,都是他对儒家思想述而有作之处。柳宗元是复兴儒家思想的开拓者和革新者。孔子的儒家思想正是在后人述而有作的创造中,才得以不断丰富和发展。     

论公务员的职务行为与个人行为的本质区别

职务行为的本质规定性在于行政权力的运用,这种本质规定性构成了公务员的职务行为和个人行为的根本区别。公务员的行为只要涉及到行政权力的运用,就具备了职务行为的本质特征,就应认定为职务行为。     

Comparing the Validity of Prospective,Retrospective, and Official Onset for Different Offending Categories

Using data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a prospective longitudinal study of 411 London males, the main aim of this research is to compare the age of onset of six types of offenses according to different methods of measurement – prospective self-reports, retrospective self-reports, and official records – and also to explore self-reported and official onset sequences. Results showed that ages of onset reported in retrospective accounts generally tended to be higher than those reported prospectively. Agreement rates between prospective and retrospective accounts were lowest for minor forms of offending, and highest for more serious offenses such as theft of vehicles. Males with heavy substance use habits were less likely to report the same age of onset retrospectively compared with prospectively. Denial rates were substantial in all comparisons, particularly for minor forms of offending. Comparisons between self-reported and official measures of onset revealed that there was a greater degree of agreement between the two measures for serious offenses. Whereas self-reported onset sequences suggested that minor crimes were committed before more serious offenses, official onset sequences suggested the reverse. The findings show that retrospective reports are not suitable to address research questions requiring detailed information (i.e., most criminal career parameters: age of onset, frequency, age of termination, etc.), for studying minor forms of offending, and for samples of individuals with serious substance use habits. Furthermore, official measures of offending can also produce misleading results, particularly when studying minor forms of offending.     

The influence of prisons on inmate misconduct: A multilevel investigation

This article presents the results of multilevel analyses of prisoners' misconduct for the population of over 120,000 federal prisoners incarcerated in June 2001. Prior research has focused on individual-level explanations of inmate misconduct, but this study explicitly examines whether prisons vary in their influence on such misconduct. The study demonstrates that model specification makes a difference in our understanding of which variables are related to misconduct, that the type of misconduct is important for understanding the effects of covariates of misconduct, and that results of multilevel models can easily be used to compare the performance of prisons.     

Comparing Self-Report to Official Measures of Inmate Misconduct

Studies have revealed systematic measurement errors in self-report data on crime and deviance resulting from poor recall and/or underreporting by certain groups of respondents. Official crime data have also been criticized, but for different reasons (e.g. gross underestimations of less serious offenses). Very similar observations have been made in studies of inmate crime (misconduct committed by prison inmates). Despite these criticisms, official data on inmate misconduct continue to be the most frequently used data in related studies. This study compared self-report and official data on inmate assaults, property thefts, and drug offenses for samples of inmates from 46 correctional institutions for adults in Ohio and Kentucky. Findings revealed that officially recorded misconduct underestimates the total volume of inmate crime. Analyses designed to uncover sources of the divergence between self-reported misconduct and officially recorded misconduct revealed far more consistencies than differences in the magnitude of inmate and facility effects on the different types of offenses. A few important differences did emerge in the magnitude of effects such as amount of time served (at the individual level) and facility population size (at the aggregate level).