韭菜挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析及抗常见病原菌活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取韭菜挥发油,通过体外抑菌试验检测其抑菌活性,确定体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC);并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分离检测韭菜挥发油成分。结果显示,韭菜挥发油具有广谱的抑菌活性,且对不同细菌的MIC不同。在韭菜挥发油中鉴定出17个组分,主要为二丙烯基-双硫醚(39.308%)、甲基-丙烯基-双硫醚(32.763%)、甲基-丙烯基-三硫醚(12.157%)、二丙烯基-三硫醚(7.330%)。结果表明,韭菜挥发油具有研发成新型抗菌药物与食品防腐剂的潜力。     

白鸡屎藤挥发油主要成分的定性定量分析

为了探讨白鸡屎藤挥发油的药代动力学特征及其药物残留检测方法,采用化学试剂法对白鸡屎藤挥发油进行定性分析,然后通过柱前衍生高效液相色谱技术对白鸡屎藤挥发油的主要成分进行了定量检测。化学试剂定性方法的研究结果表明,白鸡屎藤挥发油含有酸类、酚类、醛或酮类、醇类、酯或内酯类(包括△α,β-γ内酯环)以及被还原性成分;高效液相色谱技术分析结果表明,白鸡屎藤挥发油含有丁香酚、异丁香酚、左旋α-松油醇、右旋α-松油醇、芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、樟脑、龙脑等药理活性成分,以芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、龙脑的含量最高,丁香酚、异丁香酚、左旋α-松油醇、右旋α-松油醇、樟脑的含量相对较高。通过白鸡屎藤挥发油柱前衍生化处理,建立的白鸡屎藤挥发油主要成分的高效液相色谱检测方法具有简单、快速的特点,在30min内可完成对白鸡屎藤挥发油主要活性物的分析,适用于白鸡屎藤挥发油的质量控制、药代动力学研究和药物残留检测。     

新型模糊综合评价法在油库安全评价中的应用

油库是储存油料的基地,油料因易燃、易爆、易挥发等特点具有危险性。客观、正确的评价油库安全的首要任务是精确地确定影响油库安全的各个因素（如员工、设备、环境和管理）的权重。本文中探讨了模糊综合评价法的重要性并提出了一种权重矩阵计算新方法。该模糊综合评价法的实例研究结果表明：员工的身体状况和业务素质是影响油库安全的主要因素,因此,油库管理必须以人为本,同时加强员工业务技能培训,从而确保油库安全。该评价方法更容易操作,使评价结果更客观准确。     

Scotland’s Faltering Green Industrial Revolution

Renewable energy has long been central to SNP policy making and Scottish independence. During the 2014 referendum, green electricity generation was presented as a means for Scotland to achieve ‘reindustrialisation’. Despite a world‐leading transition in electricity supply, the Scottish government has struggled to develop renewables manufacturing. Scotland’s largest offshore engineering company, BiFab, entered administration in 2020. This article explains the faltering of Scotland’s green industrial revolution. First, it assesses renewables’ privileged place in SNP perspectives, underlining its deep roots in North Sea oil and criticisms of British governments’ mismanagement of offshore opportunities. Second, the failure of market‐led policy making to provide the anticipated industrial benefits from offshore wind developments is explained through the domineering role of foreign state‐owned enterprises and global supply chains in the UK’s renewables sector. The conclusion argues that older nationalist perspectives offer remedies, but these require a more active industrial policy that diverges from the current approach of the Scottish Government.     

亚洲石油秩序的演绎:浅析三次石油危机对亚洲经济的影响

作为工业经济运行的血液,石油显然是一种战略商品,在经济发展和国际竞争中占有极其重要和独特的地位;而作为一种基础能源产品,石油目前约占全球能源消费的40%,它的价格变化牵动着经济领域的每一个方面,事实上,石油价格的巨幅波动、尤其是持续上涨一直被视为能够显著影响全球通胀和经济发展的一种负面因素。作为正在崛起的亚洲,其内部的石油供需矛盾尤显突出,既有的应对策略和合作框架已无法应对持续高油价的现实,因此,对于亚洲能源需求大国而言,建立能源合作机制,参与博弈来代替完全的市场定价接受者地位至关重要。     

发达国家战略石油储备体系初探

伴随着我国石油对外依存度的提高,加快我国战略石油储备体系建设刻不容缓。发达国家如美、日、德、法等国早在上世纪70年代就开始建立战略石油储备,这些国家在建立和完善战略石油储备体系过程中,积累了很多有价值的经验。借鉴这些经验,将有助于我国战略石油储备体系的建立和完善。     

“Mtwara will be the New Dubai”: dashed expectations,grievances, and civil unrest in Tanzania

When does inequality lead to conflict? Despite recent studies highlighting the effects of group exclusion, this question has not been fully answered. We argue that objective group inequality is not sufficient to fuel unrest. Structural inequalities need to be perceived as unfair, and become grievances, in order to spark mobilization. While most conflict scholars recognize this on a theoretical level, statistical tests of the effect of inequality on conflict almost exclusively rely on objective data. This limits their ability to distinguish when inequality is politically relevant and when it is not. Southern Tanzania is a case in point. Despite decades of marginalization, the population remained peaceful until natural gas was discovered, and the government was perceived to break their promises of local development. Demonstrating that objective regional inequalities have remained relatively constant, while group grievances seems to have increased, we argue that direct measures of grievances are needed to pinpoint when inequality becomes politically salient. Using novel survey data, we find that people who think that the region is treated unfairly have the highest likelihood of supporting and participating in civil unrest.     

Gendered experiences of dispossession: oil palm expansion in a Dayak Hibun community in West Kalimantan

This article explores the gendered experience of monocrop oil-palm expansion in a Hibun Dayak community in Sanggau District, West Kalimantan (Indonesia). It shows how the expanding corporate plantation and contract farming system has undermined the position and livelihood of indigenous women in this already patriarchal community. The shifting of land tenure from the community to the state and the practice of the ‘family head’ system of smallholder plot registration has eroded women's rights to land, and women are becoming a class of plantation labour. At the same time, as in other cases of expansion of agrarian corporate commodity production, we can discern a familiar pattern of ambivalence between, on the one hand, the attractions of regular cash income and, on the other, the loss of resource tenure and autonomy, which helps to explain the community's gendered experience of coercion, exploitation, intimidation, consent and resistance.     

Labor History—Past,Present, and Future

ABSTRACT

While much recent literature has focused on the environmental cost of carbon fuels, these sources of energy generated large human costs in the work environment as well. Work in coal mines was famously dangerous. And while petroleum, gas extraction and refining were also risky, this paper demonstrates that they were far less dangerous than was coal, while energy productivity per worker was also higher in oil than coal. Relying in part on previously unexploited data, the paper also shows that on the eve of World War II, the human costs of energy – measured by fatalities per btu of output – were sharply less in oil and gas production than in coal mining. Thus the great twentieth century energy transition from coal to liquid and gaseous fuels reduced both the environmental and the workplace costs per unit of energy.     

Kazakhstan＇s energy policy： Its evolution and tendencies

As a young sovereign state, Kazakhstan tries to conduct policy that makes it an equal partner among other countries of the world community. Rich deposits of oil and natural gas in the country and the Caspian Sea attract the interests of energy consuming states. At the same time, the landlocked position and weak infrastructure lead a more active foreign policy based on the energy factor. This paper is an attempt to study the development of energy policy of Kazakhstan focusing on the country＇s relations with Russia, China, the USA and the European Union. The complex geopolitical environment and relatively small, young economy of Kazakhstan emerge as the main reasons for conducting multi-vector and balanced foreign policy. The author defines peculiarities and tendencies of possible future developments with respect to Kazakhstan＇s place in the energy sphere.