土家族巫文化的人类学考察

从人类学视角对土家族巫文化进行考察、挖掘、阐述,从而进一步了解了土家族色彩斑斓的巫文化特质及巫文化事象。     

民族地区的村民自治存在的问题及对策--以湖南西部永顺司城村为例

村民自治是我国在农村正在推行的一种最基层的新型社区管理制度.自推行以来,使中国农村的基层民主建设取得了实质性的进步.笔者通过调查认为,西部民族地区的村民自治建设才刚刚起步,存在许多问题.为不断完善村民自治制度,加快农村民主化建设,笔者提出了一些对策.     

The Growth of Civil Society in Timor-Leste: Three Moments of Activism

During the dramatic upheavals and conflicts that have accompanied political independence in Timor-Leste, Timorese activists have made an important, sometimes overlooked, contribution. This paper highlights the significant roles they played at three major turning points over the past 15 years – the Santa Cruz massacre in 1991, the UN-sponsored independence ballot in 1999 and the political-military crisis in 2006. Each one of these events was a starting point for a new phase in Timorese development history and a new phase in the growth of Timorese civil society. The personal reflections of Timorese activists provide poignant insight into their changing focus of activism as Timor-Leste became independent. Their “active citizenship” provided a mechanism to both contribute to and contest the mainstream nation-building processes which were, in some cases, perceived to be overly influenced by Western standards and often failed to acknowledge or respect Timorese culture and traditions.     

我国民事诉讼法原则在新时期的完善

民事诉讼实践经验显示,民事诉讼制度与我国经济社会迅速发展对民事诉讼的法治要求有诸多不适应。民事诉讼法的发展离不开民事诉讼原则指导和引领,要发展民事诉讼制度,应当先拓展民事诉讼原则,将现代法治同法律与时俱进的发展精神相结合,将以人本精神作为民事诉讼宗旨纳入民事诉讼原则,使民事诉讼法在新原则指引下发展成为具备自新能力的法律系统。因此,更新民事诉讼法原则,创新民事诉讼法律自我创新机制势在必行。     

Exposing the conditions of precarity: compounding victimization and marginalized young people

Events of victimization that upend young lives and expose them to conditions of precarity are examined. Drawing on Judith Butler’s recent reflections on precarity, this article contributes to the extant critical victimology literature by linking precarity to selfhood and narrative. Narrative analysis is used to analyze two young people – Beatrice and Randall – who experienced sexual victimization and a number of subsequent victimizations at the hands of corporate and state organizations. To account for these subsequent persecutions, the concept of compounding victimization to expose the link between successive victimization that intensifies the experience of precarity.     

To depend on one's children or to depend on oneself: savings for old-age and children's impact on wealth

How did workers make provisions for old age before the introduction of old age pensions? What was the relative importance of dependence on children and saving for old age respectively? This article concerns the transition from a traditional family-based system for economic support in old age to a more modern system. Regarding the nineteenth century, studies have shown that (a) savings generally were insufficient for full retirement, and that (b) families were dependent on children's incomes when the breadwinner became older. Little attention has been paid to the question of how the relative importance of these two alternatives changed during the century. This question is addressed here in a cross-sectional study of net wealth based on probate inventories for three Swedish towns in the 1820s and the 1900s.

The results show that in general the economic importance of children was larger among the lower socio-economic strata. They also reveal that net costs for having children increased between the investigated periods. This means that dependence on children became more expensive. Consequently, the economic importance of this alternative decreased. This may have been a strong motive for the fertility transition.

On the other hand, net wealth for workers increased at the end of the nineteenth century. Financial assets constituted a great part of the increase. Workers with children had less financial savings than those without children, showing that there was a conflict between the traditional and the modern systems for support in old age. However, still at the turn of the twentieth century funds were generally too small to allow an old worker to retire. These results indicate that neither the old, nor the modern systems, fully satisfied the need for support in old age. This may explain why several Western European countries introduced old age pensions at the beginning of the twentieth century.     

Interprofessional and interagency training for working with young people with harmful sexual behaviours: An evaluation of outcomes

Abstract

This study evaluates the outcomes of short interagency training courses provided by six Local Safeguarding Children Boards in England. The aim was to develop practical skills in recognising and responding to the needs of children with harmful sexual behaviour in an interagency context. The courses all employed interactive learning and teaching methods as well as presentations of case studies, research findings and statutory guidance. Professionals (n=147) from a range of agencies participated in the evaluation. Their attitudes, knowledge and self-confidence were assessed using a specially designed 20-item self-report scale. Scores at registration 6 weeks in advance and at the start and end of the course were compared in a double-baseline, time–series design. There was strong evidence of overall improvements in scores on most of the scale items, which are attributable to the course. However, concerns are also raised about the small numbers of criminal justice professionals participating compared to child welfare professionals.     

Up and Down,Old and New: Values and Value Systems of MPs and Voters in France

MPs are often criticised as being homogeneous. This is well known in terms of social background or gender, but the criticism also holds for values and norms. MPs are said to share normative agreements on the essential points and demonstrate differences on second-order issues. This criticism is even more widespread regarding the new politics based on the cultural divide, notably vis-à-vis politicians from the extreme right as far as immigration, European integration or globalisation are concerned. In this contribution, these criticisms are addressed by investigating the degree of normative agreements and disagreements of French MPs. Furthermore, the differences both in old and new politics between MPs on the one hand and the electorate as a whole and their supporters on the other hand are evaluated. It is concluded that MPs are definitely not all the same and the degrees of difference among MPs or with the electorate are far from being those expected.     

精神障碍医学鉴定制度设计及相关问题探究

《精神卫生法》对于精神病人合法权益的保障、社会安全防卫作用的实现具有重要意义,其不仅能为精神病患者和监护人提供非自愿住院治疗的救济渠道,在一定程度上避免“被精神病”现象的发生,同时能够保障社会公共秩序和社会公众人身安全.在对精神障碍医学鉴定的制度设计及作用进行分析的基础之上,正确辨析精神障碍医学鉴定的实施主体以及管理模式、并对精神障碍医学鉴定的实施主体、要求、委托主体等有关内容进行阐述,以期为精神障碍医学鉴定制度的良性运行提供保障.     

人民警察执勤执法行动中预防暴力袭警问题研究

当前,暴力袭警事件频频发生并逐年增加,袭警手段不断升级,已经成为不容回避的事实。此问题的成因很复杂,研究预防袭警问题是一项长期的工作,不能一蹴而就,文章从规范基层民警执勤执法行为,科学组织与指挥执法执勤行动,加强警用装备建设等方面入手,严格规范人民警察执法行动组织与实施的各个环节,为公安机关维护社会稳定及人民群众的生命财产安全,减少人民警察遇袭伤亡、有效打击袭警犯罪提供了现实借鉴意义。