Fatal case of Rapunzel syndrome in neglected child

Rapunzel syndrome is very extreme form of trichobezoar formation where the tail of the trichobezoar extends from the stomach into the small intestine. Death resulting from this condition is rare and is usually associated with gastric or intestinal perforation. We report a fatal case of Rapunzel syndrome in a 3 years and 10 months old girl. Review of the literature indicates that this case involves the youngest child to have died from this syndrome. Furthermore, this case is unique due to the clear association with the parent's neglect with failure to provide the child with adequate health care.     

Fatal renal hemorrhage after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Renal hematoma is one of the most severe complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). ESWL is used in the noninvasive treatment of urinary calculosis. The shock waves can lead to capillary damage, renal parenchymal or subcapsular hemorrhage. We present a case with fatal complication and the result of the medico-legal evaluation. A 71-year-old woman was treated by ESWL, renal hematoma was detected during the clinical observation, and the patient died. The death occurred despite close clinical observation as a consequence of a rare complication of ESWL. The mechanism of death was hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock due to renal hemorrhage complications due to ESWL for treatment of renal calculi. This therapeutic complication is a known complication of appropriate treatment.     

关于普通高校招生制度改革的思考

长期以来我国普通高校不招收成人入学的作法,使成人丧失了完成普通高校学历教育的机会,不利于成人高等教育的发展.普通高校招收成人入学,既可开辟成人高教的新途径,又可促进自身的发展.     

藿苏养胃口服液治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎临床观察

目的评价藿苏养胃口服液治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)的临床疗效。方法将200例CAG患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组100例,对照组给予胃复春片治疗,治疗组给予藿苏养胃口服液治疗,每组疗程3个月,随访2周。治疗后观察两组中医临床综合疗效、单个症状疗效、胃镜下黏膜病变疗效、两组胃腺体萎缩疗效和胃黏膜肠上皮化生疗效,治疗前后分别观察两组的组织病理学积分及患者报告结局指标(patient reported outcome,PRO)量表积分。结果治疗组中医临床综合疗效、胃镜下黏膜病变疗效、胃腺体萎缩疗效和胃黏膜肠上皮化生疗效均显著优于对照组(P0.05);在胃脘胀满、胃脘隐痛、嗳气、纳弱不振、胃中嘈杂、口干口苦、短气懒言及神疲乏力疗效方面,治疗组明显优于对照组(P0.05);在降低中医症状积分、病理组织学积分以及降低PRO量表的总分及其全身症状、反流、消化不良、心理功能和社会功能维度积分方面,治疗组明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论藿苏养胃口服液能明显改善CAG患者的临床症状,有效修复胃镜下黏膜病变,改善胃黏膜的病理组织病变,提高CAG患者的生活质量。     

在我国建立宪法法院的必要性与可行性之分析

在我国建立什么样的违宪审查机制一直是理论界争议的难题,这直接关系着我国违宪审查体制的建构,本文从建立宪法法院的必要性和可行性两个方面论证了宪法法院的建构的益处以及宪法法院的建构与我国现行人民代表大会运行机制并无冲突。     

Character-building and freedom in education

Educators, parents, and policy-makers in the United States, as in other countries, are concerned about the apparent inability of many schools to contribute to the development of character and civic virtue in their pupils. The answer, experience shows, is not for government to require a pedagogy of state-defined character education which, in a pluralistic society, would inevitably create new conflicts. Instead, education policy should take advantage of the growing interest on the part of educators in creating autonomous, distinctive schools, and the continuing interest, on the part of parents, in being able to choose what school their children will attend. Schools which exhibit a distinctive character based upon a shared understanding of the goals of education are effective not only in teaching academics but also in developing positive character traits in their pupils. Charter schools and educational vouchers are two means of encouraging and supporting such coherent schools. The article concludes with a series of policy recommendations designed to balance the autonomy of schools against the need for public accountability. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Preferential selection and outcome justice: Effects of justification and merit discrepancy

In applying the relative deprivation theory to preferential selection research, Singer (1991) used a within-subjects design and showed that ethnicity-based selection induced feelings of injustice among the disadvantaged target group, the Europeans; and that the level of felt injustice could be predicted by the discrepancy in merits between the successful minority candidate and the rejected European candidate. This study aimed to cross-validate the findings with a between-subjects design, and to ascertain whether the provision of either an ideological or a causal justification would reduce feelings of injustice. The results replicated previous findings and further showed that either type of justification exacerbated perceptions of injustice among European respondents, but it had no effect on fairness perceptions of Asian subjects. The theoretical implications of the results were discussed.     

对丢失枪支不报罪客观方面的研究

行为人构成丢失枪支不报罪,客观上必须具备三个要素,即:丢失枪支的行为,这是构成本罪的前提条件;不及时报告的行为,即行为人在枪支丢失后没有及时报告,这是构成本罪的关键所在,是本罪刑法意义上的危害行为;造成严重后果,这是构成本罪的结果要件。     

Ottoman apprentices and their experiences

Abstract

In this article, I analyze craft and trade apprentices in the late Ottoman Empire in order to add a new dimension to the existing literature on guilds and artisans. Rather than presenting an ideal picture, I discuss the apprentices' actions and experiences, which I argue did not take place in isolation.

First, I briefly discuss Ottoman guilds and artisans, including a literature review, define and explain both the system of apprenticeship and who apprentices were.

After focusing on the dialectical relationship between the upper and lower ranks, which presented itself through the authority - obedience or autonomy - disobedience relationship, I explain how the lower rank attempted to gain autonomy. I also question whether guild harmony was real or not and explore how some apprentices changed the direction of their life path, away from mastership to something else entirely. The hidden and unhidden resistance of apprentices will be shown through acts of theft, assault with a knife, and absconding, and through survival strategies which included running away. In the final part of the article, I describe how new institutions filled the gap left by the traditional guild system, which had been on the decline since the nineteenth century.     

侦查人员出庭作证的中国模式

两大法系国家侦查人员出庭作证的情形可以概括为“控方证人”和“普通证人”两种模式,两者体现出截然不同的诉讼理念和价值取向.中国的侦查人员基本不出庭作证,实践中通行的是“情况说明”模式,主要通过提交书面说明材料的方式作证.这种模式的形成与我国的诉讼结构、庭审方式、业绩考核制度和国家赔偿制度等因素息息相关.两个证据规定明确要求侦查人员在法定情形下必须出庭作证,但无论是法律规范还是司法实践都表明,侦查人员出庭作证这个难题仍未得到有效解决.保障侦查人员出庭作证制度的实施,必须改革案卷笔录中心主义的审判方式,构建以裁判为中心的纵向诉讼构造,提高庭审效率和律师辩护技巧,加强对被告人权利的救济