社团发展与构建和谐社会的公民基础研究

我国社团组织的生存发展目前面临的问题,有社团组织外部的经济、政治、文化等社会资源及其环境 影响,也有社团组织的目标定位、管理水平、社会基础、国际化程度等组织资源和社会基础等内在缺陷的制约。要 培育和构建和谐社会的公民基础,政府必须摈弃控制阻碍社团生存发展的旧观念和行为方式,为民间社团的健康 发展创造环境条件,充分激活社团组织这一重要的社会主体,健全权力制约机制。     

在私营企业主入党问题上不宜搞"一刀切"

随着改革开放的深入和社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立,我国的经济结构和社会结构发生了深刻的变化,私营经济的规模不断扩大,地位和作用也日益引人注目;作为私人资本人格化的私营企业主群体,其内部结构日趋复杂化;企业内部的生产关系也并非简单的"剥削"二字所能涵盖.如何看待这个特殊的群体,已成为人们普遍关注的问题.本文认为,在私营企业主入党问题上,有必要从我们所处的发展阶段和党的建设的实际出发,从理论和实践的结合上作些探讨.     

甘肃农村地区节水型社会建设述评——以甘肃省武威市凉州区黄羊镇土塔村为例

在建设和谐社会的大背景下,对于农村地区,尤其是严重缺水的西北农村地区来说,节水型社会的建设是和谐社会建设的一个重要方面。通过对甘肃省武威市凉州区黄羊镇土塔村的实地调研,反映出近年来该村灌溉用水愈加紧迫,由于水资源紧张而引起的问题越来越多,不仅关系农作物的产量高低,也影响到农村生活秩序的安定。石羊河流域综合治理方针指导下实施的节水措施与世界上其他地区区域治理作比较,其成功经验对农村节水型社会建设的进一步改善具有借鉴作用。     

Differential Online Exposure to Extremist Content and Political Violence: Testing the Relative Strength of Social Learning and Competing Perspectives

The present study applies Social Learning (Differential Association) Theory to the explanation of political violence, focusing on exposure to extremist content through new social media (NSM) and controlling for key variables derived from rival theories. Data are gathered using (a) a paper-and-pencil study among high school students, and (b) a web survey targeting youths between 16 and 24 years old. A total of 6020 respondents form the dataset. Binary logistic regression is used to analyze the data. Results show that even when controlling for background variables, strain variables, personality characteristics, moral values, and peer influences, the statistical association between measures of extremism through NSM (ENSM) and self-reported political violence remains significant and fairly constant. The most persistent effects are found for those measures where individuals actively seek out extremist content on the Internet, as opposed to passive and accidental encounters using NSM. Furthermore, offline differential associations with racist and delinquent peers are also strongly and directly related to self-reported political violence, as are some mechanisms from rival perspectives. This indicates that political violence can only partially be explained by social learning and suggests that the impact of ENSM is mediated by real-world associations and that the offline world has to be taken into account.     

Cosmetic and convenience surgeries on companion animals: the case for laws with bite to protect a dog’s bark

Abstract

Of the various potential improvements and expansions of the current legal protections for companion animals, this paper will focus on the rationale for, and the possibility of, a ban on companion dog and cat cosmetic and convenience surgeries. After discussing the practical significance of society’s soft spot for companion dogs and cats, this paper will discuss the ‘physically painful’ and ‘unjustifiable’ nature of the cosmetic and convenience surgeries themselves, as well as the statutes, legislative and voter initiatives, and case law relevant to those surgeries. Ultimately, this paper will conclude that although across the board bans on companion dog and cat cosmetic and convenience surgeries would likely fail in all but a tiny minority of ‘animal-friendly’ municipalities, bans that solely target debarking could be more broadly enacted because debarking has been practiced for a shorter period of time than the other surgeries, is performed less frequently, and may be more readily understood by the average American as ‘unnatural,’ and therefore, cruel.     

我国行业协会发展的法律保障与规制——以和谐社会中的“政会分开”为视角

行业协会可以在推动科学发展、促进社会和谐、全面建设小康社会的进程中发挥重要的调谐功能,从而实现政府、市场、社会间的良性互动,但这需要行业协会民间化、规范化本位回归的实现。应以"政会分开"为视角,考察我国行业协会由"初现→消匿→滞存→新生"的历史发展轨迹,以及由"政府全能"到"政府依附"到"政会分开"的发展模式演进,并应以行业协会的主体地位、组织构成、自治权能、社会责任作为主要视点,对我国行业协会发展之法律保障和规制中的争点问题进行必要的研究及阐释。     

行业协会自利性及其法律规制

行业协会不仅具有共利性和公利性,同时也客观存在自利性,即为其自身谋求利益的功能属性.自利性是任何一个独立主体与生俱来、无法摆脱的属性.尽管行业协会的自利性存在种种局限性,但在一定制度安排下,行业协会的自利行为亦有利于企业共同利益.对于行业协会的自利行为不应一味地加以否定,而是要从制度层面对其加以规范和约束,将其控制在良性发展的轨道之中.     

人工智能生成物法律保护模式探索与比较研究

目前,法律对人工智能生成物的保护并无明确规定.由于缺少法律保护机制,人工智能生成物承载的经济价值可能会引发各方主体无序使用,产生纠纷,最终影响文化市场的健康发展和良好运行.因此及早为人工智能生成物找出合理的保护路径,不仅可以起到定分止争的效果,还可以促进人工智能生成物的生产和传播,满足人们日益增长的文化需求.     

Article 23(4) Trade Union Rights and the United Nations policy of devolution on labour relations

ABSTRACT

Article 23(4) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states ‘Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.’ This article documents the global legislative history of Article 23(4) trade union rights from its original drafting to interpretation by international labour standards. The history includes debates on the fundamental principles of trade union rights, the decision by ECOSOC to ignore a call to establish a permanent UN Commission on Trade Union Rights, the devolution of authority from the United Nations to the International Labour Organization, how ILO international law experts framed trade union rights as a subset of the freedom of association, and the treatment of labour relations policy, including compulsory union membership, that resulted under international human rights norms. The history is discussed as one that confines standards of policy on labour rights in the global political economy and has particular implications for the discourse on labour rights as human rights.     

委托—代理与农村供水系统制度创新——以山东省临朐县农村供水协会为例

我国偏远山区的农村供水只能作为一种公共产品由政府来提供.本文以委托-代理理论为工具,结合实例,分析了农村水利工程经营权的代理人的选择问题.本文的结论是由于能够明晰产权、弱化信息不对称问题、减少委托-代理层次,选择县农村供水协会作为集体产权的最终代理人是有效率的产权安排形式.本文的结论可以推广到涉及公共品的其他领域.