论公安派出所体制模式和运行机制的改革创新

做实做强公安派出所,公安机关应当通过选择体制模式和运行机制进行改革创新;应当从政策导向、制度设计、机制建设上切实向基层倾斜,充分发挥基层民警的积极性和主动性;应当改革勤务方式,坚决纠正基层单位机关化倾向,让民警有更多的时间走向街面、进入社区、融入群众;应当提供警务保障,把公安派出所建设置于基础性、先导性的位置。     

A Multiple Streams Analysis of Institutional Innovation in Forest Watershed Governance

Increasingly severe wildfires have focused attention on forested watershed vulnerabilities, causing significant changes to policies and governance. We utilized the Multiple Streams Approach (MSA) to understand institutional innovations of federal agency–large water provider partnerships in Colorado to protect watersheds through joint planning and funding. Ambiguous problem definition and focusing events were significant aspects of these partnerships. We interviewed individuals in the partnerships, with MSA ideas of how solutions to policy problems develop, and the role of policy entrepreneurs. We found that wildfires served as focusing events, creating space and time for learning, collaboration and new problem framing, increased political attention, and institutional innovation. In this study, windows of opportunity stayed open longer, policy entrepreneurs and agencies played larger roles in communication and coupling streams and the context of fast‐moving, unpredictable ecological crises changed responses to issues. Our findings also have implications for broader policy studies and environmental governance scholarship.     

Electric Shock: The 2012 India Blackout and Public Confidence in Politicians

How do disruptions in basic public service delivery shape people’s perceptions of politicians? We offer evidence from the July 2012 blackout in India, the largest in human history. Using data from the India Human Development Survey, we compare confidence in politicians between households that were surveyed during the outage and affected by it (treatment) and only days before it (control). Balance statistics show that the treatment and control groups are statistically indistinguishable, and further tests indicate that there was no disturbance to the pattern of surveying. Far from undermining public confidence in politicians, the outage increased it, as citizens reacted to the anxiety created by the crisis. The implications are normatively troubling, as politicians seem to have reaped benefits from disruptions in public service delivery.     

Competing Policy Windows in Biotechnology: The FDA,the 21st Century Cures Act,and Laboratory‐Developed Tests

In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed taking a more active role in the regulation of laboratory‐developed tests (LDTs). Meanwhile, the U.S. House of Representatives embarked upon the 21st Century Cures initiative to develop legislation to expedite the development of new biotechnology innovations. During that initiative and in the public comments responding to the draft guidance, there was significant disagreement as to whether the increased FDA regulation of LDTs was beneficial or detrimental to biotechnology. Both the FDA guidance document and the 21st Century Cures Act came about due to the opening of a window of opportunity created by the convergence of circumstances. The question is whether the windows of opportunity are competing and how to resolve this competition. This study will investigate these questions through a qualitative case study. It will also provide recommendations for resolving policy disputes involving wicked problems like biotechnology policy.     

室内地板辐射采暖——一种高效节能的室内采暖技术

介绍了室内地板辐射采暖技术 ,并将地板辐射采暖与普通的暖气片采暖在性能、造价等方面进行了比较 ,说明新型室内地板辐射采暖技术的普及势在必行。     

丹皮酚抑制脂多糖诱导的血管内皮细胞TNF-α释放对共培养体系中血管平滑肌细胞凋亡及p38 MAPK信号通路的影响

目的 观察丹皮酚（Paeonol,Pae）对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）损伤的大鼠血管内皮细胞（vascular endothelial cells,VECs）炎性因子释放及对血管平滑肌细胞（vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs）凋亡的影响,阐明Pae抑制VSMCs凋亡是否通过影响VECs释放的炎性因子调控p38 MAPK信号通路。方法 组织块预消化贴壁法原代培养VECs和VSMCs;Transwell小室建立VSMCs和VECs共培养体系;LPS诱导VECs损伤;MTT方法检测细胞存活率;ELISA检测VECs分泌肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α）的水平;流式细胞仪检测VSMCs凋亡率;Western blotting检测VSMCs中p38 MAPK信号通路及凋亡相关蛋白表达。结果 与正常对照组比较,LPS可显著提高VECs分泌的TNF-α水平（P＜0.05）,明显升高共培养体系中VSMCs p38 MAPK信号通路蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白（p-MKK3/6、p-p38、p53和Cleaved caspase-3）水平（P<0.05）,显著提高VSMCs凋亡率（P<0.05）;与LPS刺激组比较,Pae可显著抑制VECs分泌的TNF-α（P＜0.05）,明显降低共培养体系中VSMCs p38 MAPK信号通路蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白（p-MKK3/6、p-p38、p53和Cleaved caspase-3）水平（P＜0.05）,显著降低VSMCs凋亡率（P＜0.05）。结论 Pae可抑制VECs释放TNF-α,从而抑制p38 MAPK信号通路,进而减少VSMCs凋亡。     

艾灸督脉经穴通过p38 MAPK通路抑制血管性痴呆大鼠海马CA1区IL-1β和TNF-α表达

目的 基于p38 MAPK通路探究艾灸督脉“百会”“大椎”“风府”穴治疗血管性痴呆的作用机制。方法 将60只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、艾灸组、阻滞剂组、艾灸+阻滞剂组。采用双侧颈总动脉永久结扎法复制血管性痴呆大鼠模型。采用Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠认知功能,透射电子显微镜观察海马神经细胞超微结构,Western blot法和RT-qPCR法分别检测海马组织中p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β)蛋白及其mRNA表达水平。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠平均逃避潜伏期显著延长(P<0.05),穿越平台次数显著减少(P<0.05);海马CA1区神经细胞核染色体凝集、边集,胞浆内细胞器数量明显减少,胞浆基质完全溶解空泡化,神经纤维变形、溶解、坏死;p38 MAPK、TNF-α、IL-1β蛋白及mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0...     

Vollstreckung ausländischer Strafentscheidungen

Der Zweck des im Zuge der Vollstreckungsübernahme vorgesehenen Exequaturverfahrens ist darin gelegen, die Vollstreckung ausl?ndischer strafgerichtlicher Entscheidungen im Inland auch bei jeweils unterschiedlichen Strafen(systemen) durch eine allenfalls erforderliche Anpassung an das ?sterreichische Sanktionensystem und die inl?ndischen Strafbemessungsgrunds?tze zu erm?glichen. Dabei ist die in ?sterreich zu vollstreckende Strafe unter weitestgehender Bedachtnahme auf die im Urteilsstaat verh?ngte Sanktion zu bestimmen; dies unter Bindung an die Sachverhaltsfeststellungen im Erkenntnis des Urteilsstaates sowie unter Berücksichtigung des Schlechterstellungsverbots.