NPE诉讼的价值审视与规制选择

专利非实施主体(NPE)从产生之初便备受争议。NPE诉讼作为NPE存在的行为逻辑,游离于专利投机与专利运营、权利滥用与正当维权、谋取私利与损害救济、抑制创新与价值实现之间。立足于NPE诉讼具有利弊互见的基本定位,对NPE诉讼的行政规制,须对专利聚合状态加以合理限制,对涉及标准必要专利的NPE经营者集中审查及NPE禁令救济的反垄断执法亦应保持行政介入的谦抑性;对NPE诉讼的司法规制,应结合具体案情,综合利用法院在专利侵权赔偿数额、损害赔偿与停止侵权的替代适用、诉讼费用的转移等方面所具有的司法裁量空间,在保障专利诉权正当行使的同时,亦应防止司法工具化趋向,防止NPE诉讼异化为谋取不当利益、进行禁令劫持的手段。     

湖南地理标志法律保护现状的调查与思考

湖南地理标志法律保护现状的调查显示,从宏观的角度而言,湖南各地区的名优特产众多,但注册保护的空间亟待拓展;从微观的分析来看,地理标志产品保护与证明商标保护两种模式产生了不同的法律后果,其存在的冲突尚待协调。应普及地理标志的法律保护知识,实现地理标志两种保护制度的兼容互补,促进地理标志注册申请工作的开展,推动地理标志名牌战略的实施。     

Fleeting fame under the Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006

Legal context: When Congress enacted the Federal Trademark Dilution Act in1996, it intended to create a uniform federal cause of actionfor trade mark dilution. Unfortunately, the statutory languageselected by Congress created certain ambiguities, includinghow famous a trade mark had to be to merit dilution protectionunder the statute. Confusion developed as to whether a markmerely needed renown in a limited geographic area or industry—aconcept that became known as ‘niche fame’—orwhether it needed national renown to qualify as a ‘famousmark’. Key points: In 2006, Congress enacted the Trademark Dilution Revision Actand therein provided a concrete definition for a famous markthat ostensibly removed the ability to qualify for dilutionrelief where the mark was famous only within a particular niche.It was uncertain how courts that had previously favoured theniche fame theory would apply Congress's new definition. However,a district court in the Ninth Circuit, one of the strongestproponents of niche fame, recently held that niche fame is nolonger a viable theory under the Lanham Act or California statelaw as a result of the 2006 amendment. Practical significance: This decision portends that courts will fall in line with Congress'samendment and will deny dilution relief under federal law toparties whose marks are famous only in a particular geographicarea or industry. Additionally, the decision provides some guidanceand predictability as to how states may interpret the viabilityof niche fame under their respective dilution statutes in lightof Congress's 2006 amendment.     

基因专利保护的利弊分析

基因专利保护的问题由来已久,而争论的焦点大多集中在基因是发明还是发现的问题上。实际上,基因是发明还是发现并不是基因是否应该受专利法保护的关键。任何制度的设计都是为了促进社会发展的,如果用专利制度保护基因利大于弊,能够更好地促进基因技术的发展,就应该授予基因专利权,否则就不应该授权。通过分析可以得出,基因应该属于发现,但是以专利制度保护基因利大于弊,所以我国应该授予基因专利。     

标准化组织知识产权政策分析

标准化组织作为技术标准的制定者,其政策的制定对广大技术标准的采用者来讲均有重大影响。现在众多掌握核心技术的公司纷纷将其拥有的专利技术融入到技术标准中,以此来获得市场及技术的优势地位,因此,标准化组织的知识产权政策至关重要。     

Intellectual property laws integrated with the national development policies in China

As a developing country, China has been pressured by the developed countries to increase the levels of intellectual property (IP) protection and to adopt IP rules that even go beyond the minimum international standards. IP regimes are established to promote advances in science and culture by rewarding creation and invention. However, developing countries do not necessarily appropriately share the benefits from the harmonization of IP protection standards over the world. Fortunately, not every developed country or international organization is concerned only with its own interest when evaluating the tendency of international IP protection policies. In fact, they have made many studies or findings in favor of the concerns and interests of developing countries. This paper investigates the conflicts between IP rights and human rights, as well as the validity of IP laws under constitutional arguments, with the purpose of providing new strategic policy arguments in China’s future amendments to IP laws, and related negotiations with developed countries. __________ Translated from Faxue Yanjiu 法学研究 (Law Research), 2005, (6): 105–115     

TRIPs与医药产品强制许可制度之新解

一些发展中国家基于公共健康、环境保护、技术转让、投资、就业等原因主张在药品知识产权领域广泛使用强制许可制度．但是应当看到,TRIPs为保护知识产权提供了协调一致和非歧视标准,平衡了消费者和发明人之间的利益,广泛使用强制许可将使这种平衡发生偏移,其结果是使免费使用的被许可人而不是一国境内的消费者受益,并对社会福利造成危害．取消药品强制许可可能带来负面影响,国际社会正在寻求有效的解决方案,自愿许可就是已经证实的切实可行的一种替代方法,主要的制药公司的捐助计划也给发展中国家的病人带来了福音．     

韩国的专利战略及其启示

韩国在较短的时间内就使其科技水平得到了快速提升,已经成为国际技术专利申请大国。韩国的专利战略、政策和措施、韩国以企业为主力军的专利申请格局、韩国在尖端科技领域的突破以及专利申请策略、韩国塑造国际专利信息中心形象的做法、韩国积极推进本国技术成为国际标准、极力推荐本国科技专家进入国际科技和专利机构工作以及投入巨资培养摘取诺贝尔奖的科学家和专利技术后备人才的经验,值得中国学习和借鉴。     

假冒专利罪疑难问题探讨

假冒专利罪保护的法益是超个人法益,因此,假冒并不存在的他人的专利,以及未获专利却谎称已获专利的行为,构成假冒专利罪;非法实施他人专利的专利侵权行为,从应然的角度讲,应纳入刑法规制的范畴,但从现行立法规定来看,无法以假冒专利罪定罪处罚;在生产、销售的伪劣商品上假冒专利,或者还假冒他人注册商标的,均应数罪并罚;专利权的刑法保护以选择集中型和散在型相结合的立法模式为宜。     

TRIPS下药品专利权与公共健康权的冲突和平衡

随着发达国家拥有的药品专利越来越集中,发展中国家因为得不到有效的药品而所遭受的危及公共健康权的疾病越来越多的情况下,TRIPS中的药品专利保护和公共健康权冲突加剧。本文以利益平衡为方法,论述了TRIPS利益保护的失衡以及如何采取措施使其平衡,从而达到有效保护公共健康权的目的。