标准仓单质押法律风险浅析

标准仓单是货主在期货交易所里拥有货物的物权的表现形式。现实生活中,货主为满足流动资金的需要,存在以标准仓单作为质押物向银行申请贷款的业务需求。而根据我国法律法规的规定,仓单已明确纳入依法可以质押的权利凭证范畴。本文从标准仓单质押的合法性、现实需求、法律风险等方面进行了分析探讨,以期对该质押方式的健康有序发展提供一些启示。     

E-participation and e-participants: solving the patent ‘crisis’

One of the major planks of some visions for E-Gov is that there is a willing participatory group who are more than happy to be involved in new forms of democracy and will be active and useful suppliers of input to e-consultation or e-participation processes. This group is different from that which goes online to the government website and signs a petition asking the prime minister to resign. It is becoming clear, though, that the commitment to e-participation may well be there in theory, but difficult to access in practice. Further, the participation that is most welcome can frequently require training and expertise that is not widely available or there may be differences in opinion as to the point of participation. In this paper I will look to the attempts to encourage participation in the patent system. The UK has initiated a trial system utilising New York Law School's Peer-To-Patent project, but has also attempted to involve participants in previous consultation exercises. I will use these as demonstrations of the sorts of problems that e-participation has met, and consider whether this new form of E-Gov is perhaps being oversold. The interesting question is whether participation is a growing tool that can ensure better public services from the State. My conclusion is that consultation and participatory projects can demonstrate involvement and are certainly educative, but e-participatory projects are most likely incapable of achieving the goals set by their more optimistic advocates. The paper emphasises the patents field, but the lessons from it can – I suggest – be viewed as indicators having wider governance relevance. The primary point being made is that the technocratic view is always over-optimistic.     

资产证券化中的超额担保制度研究

在西方资产证券化进程中,尤其是在"后金融危机时代",超额担保制度有助于降低投资风险,提高投资者信心,消弭金融危机的不利影响。为吸取美国金融危机的前车之鉴,我国在资产证券化起步阶段应引入该制度。超额担保的本质是债权质押,其质押标的是将来债权。在我国现行法律体系下,超额担保受制于现行的质押制度和破产法律制度设计。我国应制定专门的《资产证券化法》,明确资产证券化的性质,并对证券化资产的可让与性和出质问题予以专门规定,从而使超额担保制度既符合物权法定原则,又满足现实需要。通过控制超额比率和设置利差账户,以解决超额担保与现行破产法律之间的冲突问题。     

论发挥政府作用化解专利权质押风险

中小企业经营过程中始终存在着资金的需求,专利权质押融资是中小企业现实的融资方式。专利权具有价值、使用价值和可转让性,然而,由于专利权质押融资风险大,融资难,不能满足中小企业发展需要,目前的制度不足以化解风险,鉴于中小企业具有公共产品的性质,政府有必要利用自己在信用、资金以及信息方面的优势,通过规范专利权评估、健全产权交易市场、提供信用担保,进行收益控制等手段,化解专利权质押风险,以促成中小企业融资。     

Reflection of the Examination System of Utility Model from Ineffective Patents:Empirical Research in Zhejiang Province

In recent years, China's utility model patent applications have been growing, yet the patent effective amount has not been keeping the same pace. There are still a lot of ineffective utility model patents. For this problem, this paper analyzes the ineffective patent information of Zhejiang Province and finds that most of the ineffective utility model patents are abnormal ineffective patents. Further detailed analysis shows that the root cause for the result is the low quality of the authorized utility model patent. The key factor that influences the authorized quality of utility model patent is the examination system of the utility model patent. The defects in relevant laws and regulations in the examination system of the utility model patent are the major obstacle to the actual realization of the requirements of the patent. On this basis, this paper compares the examination system of the utility model with those in other countries, draws lessons from them, and puts forward corresponding suggestions.     

影响发明或实用新型专利权稳定性的实质因素

有关专利权稳定性的问题，在实践中表现为：一方面是，申请人不正当地将不符合专利法要求的技术方案拿来申请并获得专利权；另一方面是，审查过程中，由于制度方面的因素，将不应当授权的技术方案错误地授予专利权，造成了劣质专利的泛滥。深入研究专利权稳定性问题，探索提高专利权稳定性的有效途径，具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

保单质押的基本法律问题探析——实践的审视与规则的梳理

保单质押贷款在金融实务中普遍使用，但是由于实体法中缺乏明确的规定，作为一种权利质押形式，保单质押游离于法律体系之外。保单质押的标的是保单现金价值请求权和投资保障性财产保单之给付金受领权，该两项权利具有可质性。具有现金价值是人寿保单质押设立的前提，只有投保人具有以保单出质的权利，交付、通知保险人、被保险人的同意是保单质押公示的方式。与其他权利质相比，保单质押具有一些特殊的效力。     

著作权法保护软件的质疑与应策

软件是作品的一种形式,但又不同于传统意义上的作品。除具有作品的一般特征之外,软件还具有高度的技术性、工具性等特征。那么,保护作品的著作权法用来保护软件就产生性质矛盾而受到质疑,与此同时专利法、商标法等保护软件的可能性被提上了日程。     

中国专利强制许可制度的完善

专利强制许可制度是保护社会公众利益和防止滥用专利垄断权的重要手段。TRIPS协议允许WTO的成员在一定情况下使用专利强制许可制度。我国社会保障制度不健全,现行立法对专利强制许可制度的使用限制亦过严,没有充分利用WTO规则所赋予的灵活性,许多规定甚至超过TRIPS协议的要求。这种状况与我国的经济发展水平和社会公共利益需要不相适应,有必要通过修订法律加以完善。     

《物权法》上担保物权制度评析

我国《物权法》从整体上来看是一部成功的立法,但也有一些值得推敲的问题.《物权法》关于担保物权的种类,仍然沿袭了《担保法》的规定只规定了三种具体的担保物权,所规定的担保物权类型明显偏少.《物权法》在抵押权、质权的设立上原则的规定欠缺逻辑上的自恰性,而且容易导致体系冲突,影响法律适用上的安定性.另外,在抵押人与出质人处分抵押物和抵押权顺位的规定上,也都存在缺陷.