和而不同与和平共处、求同存异

"和而不同"应成为外交学重点研究的全新范畴。作为外交战略思维的"和而不同"与作为外交准则的"和平共处"、作为外交策略的"求同存异"三者是一脉相承的,三者共同指导并推动着我国与社会制度相同或不同的国家处理好外交关系,维护世界和平,促进共同发展。     

The Role of Party Activists in the Evolution of the Abortion Issue

This article examines the role of party activists in the partisan evolution of the abortion issue. Previous research indicates that party elites—specifically members of Congress—and partisans in the mass public have become more differentiated in their abortion attitudes during the last several decades with Democrats becoming more pro-choice and Republicans becoming increasingly pro-life. The missing piece of the picture is the behavior of party activists. Accordingly, this research examines the changes in the abortion attitudes of two groups of party activists during the last three decades: campaign activists and national convention delegates. From 1972 to 1980 there were no significant differences in the abortion attitudes of Republican and Democratic campaign activists, and the mean positions of the two parties' national convention delegates did not differ greatly. However, since 1984 there has been a growing differentiation in the abortion positions of both groups of party activists. Now Democratic activists are consistently pro-choice while Republican activists are equally pro-life. This evidence indicates that the differentiation on the abortion issue that has only recently emerged among partisans in the mass public was predated by an earlier and much more dramatic polarization that had already developed among party activists and elites, thus supporting a model of issue evolution introduced by Carmines and Stimson in their study of racial issues. We also find that citizens' abortion attitudes have become increasingly correlated with party voting not just in presidential elections but also in House, Senate, and gubernatorial contests during this period as well as being more closely related to political ideology. All of this evidence points to the growing extent to which abortion has become a partisan issue in American politics and the key role that party activists have played in this process.     

我国女子高校的历史回顾与发展趋势探讨

重新出现的女子高校作为我国高等教育的一个组成部分日益受到人们的注意。本文回顾了我国女子高校的发展历史,并将新出现的女子高校与近代的女子高校进行了多方面的比较,并对女子高校现状及存在的问题与今后发展趋势进行了分析。     

治安强制措施相关问题探析

治安强制措施是治安行政管理中的一项重要法律制度,作为权力手段在治安管理和执法活动中被广泛运用。然而,理论上或在实际执法中,治安强制措施和相关的一般方法手段、治安处罚形式、治安强制执行措施、刑事强制措施等界限模糊,相互混淆,而这些问题的区分直接关系到治安强制措施的正确运用。     

劳工权益争取和保障方式的演化

劳资关系成为现代经济中的常态,而没有随着时间推移逐渐衰弱,很可能同劳资关系在演化中得到长足的改进有关.对数百年来劳资关系的演化进行回顾和分析,研究发现劳工权益的争取和保障通常呈现激进和渐进两种方式.研究认为,从演化视角观察,劳工权益的争取和保障以渐进方式为主,劳工组织、进步力量和法律制度是最主要的驱动因素,且法律制度的...     

再论中国自然资源产权制度的历史变迁

历经四十余年的制度变迁,中国自然资源产权从无到有,从不可交易到可以交易,却依然受困于资源决定型体制,尤其是资源产权及其管理并未成为市场经济的有机组成部分.从资源决定型体制走向技术决定型体制,让自然资源融入资源产业,让资源产业融入工业制造业,进而在提升全要素生产率背景下设计并安排中国自然资源产权制度,已经成为现实的抉择....     

历史视野中民法的“多彩人像”

对“民法上人”的特点或称“色彩”的假设是民法制度展开及其正当性的基础。罗马法上的人具有多神社会中“家”的祭司和二元社会中“家”的主权者双重色彩。近代民法上的人像包括人是“主体”的世界、抽象理性人、孤立的“经济人”三重色彩,其底色——对理性和人性的乐观主义,是近代个人主义的自由主义法律制度正当性的真正基础。人在工业社会的异化摧毁了乐观理性主义。社会学的发展揭示:人与人被无可避免地连结,非物质因素、非理性因素经常分别是社会发展和人类行为中的决定性因素。嬗变中的现代民法上人像色彩包括:被连结在社会网络中受约束的人、混合了自利和激情的有限理性人、平等性丧失的“具体”人、去神圣化的人、相互协作、相互关心的人。     

Means of production versus means of coercion: can Russian business limit the violence of a predatory state?

In their most recent works, North and his coauthors (North, D. C., J. J. Wallis, S. Webb, and B. R. Weingast. 2012. In the Shadow of Violence: Politics, Economics, and the Problems of Development. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; North, D.C., J. J. Wallis, and B. R. Weingast. 2009. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press) name the formation of organizations capable of effectively restricting violence in society as a necessary condition for transition from developing societies to societies with sustainable economic growth. However, the mechanisms of emergence and conditions for the operation of such organizations in contemporary developing countries remain unclear. We follow the logic of formation of such organizations using the case study of collective actions of the Russian business community aimed at restricting “state violence” against business. We seek to identify the conditions leading to a shift in the choice of strategies from attempts at informal agreements with extortionists controlling means of coercion to cooperation of businessmen and trace the further evolution of organized forms of collective action. Finally, we assess to what extent the created organizations can be efficient and self-supporting in the long term.     

中国青年志愿服务发展的演进脉络

上世纪50年代的青年志愿垦荒活动是中国青年志愿服务的雏形;上世纪60年代兴起的学雷锋活动是计划经济时代青年志愿服务存在的最基本方式,青年志愿服务活动在彰显雷锋精神的情况下缓慢发展;上世纪90年代初期,中国青年志愿旗号的打出,青年志愿服务的广泛开展,标志着现代青年志愿服务的真正兴起;北京奥运会为中国志愿服务的发展提供了一个难得的历史机遇,中国青年志愿服务借助这一盛事获得进一步的发展。