关于构建农民增收长效机制的思考

“三农”问题的核心是农民问题,而农民问题的核心是农民富裕。当前农民增收的大部分是政策性保护增收措施实施的效应,属于政策性措施的延续,要想实现全面的长效性增收仍受到政策局限性和市场局限性约束。这就需要我们既从农业内部深挖增收潜力,增强农业和农村经济内部自主活力,也需要从农业外部寻找突破,形成可持续的外部推力和良好的增收氛围,形成内、外共促增收的良好机制。     

农村社会保障体系:现状·问题·对策

在城乡二元社会结构下,我国的农村社会保障过分依赖家庭保障和土地保障,已无法适应当前农村经济社会发展的要求,迫切需要建立符合现代文明,体现社会公平与公正的新型农村社会保障体系。为此,应摈弃“经济发展决定论”片面化的思想误区,着重建立健全三项农村基本社会保障制度,拓宽农村社保资金来源渠道,提升土地保障和家庭保障的“造血”功能。     

谈公安院校实践教学中存在的问题及对策

由于种种原因,公安院校的实践教学存在着许多不尽如人意的地方。这些问题严重影响了公安院校实践化教学的进程,使公安教育不能适应公安实战部门的发展需求。文章试就当前公安院校实践化教学中存在的问题进行分析,并提出具体的改进方法。     

治安强制措施相关问题探析

治安强制措施是治安行政管理中的一项重要法律制度,作为权力手段在治安管理和执法活动中被广泛运用。然而,理论上或在实际执法中,治安强制措施和相关的一般方法手段、治安处罚形式、治安强制执行措施、刑事强制措施等界限模糊,相互混淆,而这些问题的区分直接关系到治安强制措施的正确运用。     

现行文秘工作中档案管理的问题分析

档案管理工作随着社会文明程度的提高,正逐渐深入到社会生活的各个方面,发挥着越来越重要的作用。文秘工作和档案管理工作有着不可分割的联系,但在现实中经常会出现一些不和谐的音符,需要管理者们及时研究与纠正。     

Pubertal Timing and Adolescent Adjustment and Behavior: Conclusions Vary by Rater

The effects of pubertal timing on adolescent development have been studied since the late 1930s, yet the research has yielded inconsistent findings. One reason for such inconsistency may be the source of the rating. The purpose of this report was to examine whether pubertal timing by self-report (SR), parent report (PR), or physical exam (PE) predicted the same aspects of adjustment and behavior problems. Fifty-two girls, age 9–14 years (M = 12.0 ± 1.6) and 56 boys, age 10–15 years (M = 12.7 ± 1.3) and their parents were enrolled in the longitudinal study. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and adolescents completed the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire. Using regression, later maturing boys and girls had more adjustment and behavior problems than on-time or earlier maturers in cross-sectional analyses. Longitudinally, there were few significant relationships between pubertal timing at the first occasion of measurement and adjustment and behavior problems 1 year later. Overlap in correlates of adjustment and behavior problems across raters was not always found. More significant findings were evident between pubertal timing and adjustment and behavior problems for boys than for girls and more for ratings by PE than by SR or PR. Caution appears in order when drawing conclusions about pubertal timing and adolescent behavior when rater of pubertal development or timing of rating varies across studies. The selection of who rates pubertal development and the timing of the ratings should be based on the underlying theoretical framework guiding the hypotheses.     

国大党联盟政府执政的问题和对策

印度自2 0世纪90年代以来,其政局进入了多变动荡期,第十四次大选虽由国大党联盟执掌印度政局,但它却面临着诸多的问题和严峻的挑战。国大党联盟政府为稳固自己的执政地位,制定了相应的对策。     

领导干部创先争优要体现在研究和解决实际问题上

深入扎实地开展创先争优活动,是当前和今后一个时期加强党的建设的一项重大活动。学习领会中央和省委的部署精神,我认为,要把解决实际问题、推动工作发展作为创先争优活动的出发点和落脚点,作为检验创先争优活动成效的最重要的标准,领导干部创先争优要体现在研究和解决实际问题上。回顾我们党在革命、建设、改革各个历史时期对学风问题的重要论述,我们可以清晰地看到,理论联系实际,注重解决实际问题,是我们党始终强调和坚持的一个重大问题,是我们党的优良作风;从山东的实际看,贯彻落实科学发展观,实现省委提出的经济文化强省建设的宏伟目标,要求我们必须坚持理论联系实际,善于研究和解决实际问题。领导干部要努力提高解决实际问题的能力,在创先争优活动中作出示范、当好表率,这就要不断加强理论武装,提高思想理论水平;牢固树立服务大局、服务群众、服务基层的理念;注重调查研究,掌握实际情况;努力把握事物发展规律,以科学的态度解决问题;始终保持不畏困难、百折不挠的精神状态,在创先争优活动中体现先进性。     

Conceptualizing the Landscape of Decision Making for Complex Problem Solving

Complex problem resolution often involves the need for a pragmatic integration of knowledge from stakeholders with competing epistemic claims. The decision-making process regarding complex problem resolution is characterized by four basic sources of knowledge: disciplines, societies, organizations, and individuals. From the perspective of the public administration, we conceptualize the structure of the interactions between the disciplines and other sources of knowledge potentially relevant to the resolution of a public problem. To aid this exercise we examine a series of cases that we believe represent relevant aspects of complex problem resolution. We describe these basic interactions as collaborative, agnostic, or adversarial. This is a reorientation to the knowledge at play in the problem at hand. The study of public administration is well suited as a body of knowledge to address complex problems because it has a rich history of cooperation with other disciplines, practitioners, and stakeholders in the public.     

Give them toys? Military allocations and regime stability in transitional democracies

In contrast to the conventional wisdom that democratization reduces coups, 46% of coups targeted democracies from 2000–2009, twice the rate seen in the prior half-century. Efforts to explain coups have arrived at wildly varied conclusions regarding the vulnerability of democracies. We argue that this is attributable to regime type acting as a conditional influence. We theorize that democratization incentivizes old elites to veto the process, and these vetoes are more likely to occur when the new regime cannot credibly commit to the military’s corporate interests. Using cross-national data for 172 states for the years 1952–2009, we find that though young democracies are more vulnerable to coups than either civilian authoritarian regimes or older democracies, this vulnerability is mitigated when military expenditures are near or above the sample mean. We also find that commonly argued determinants of coups appear to be driven by their influence in democracies, suggesting the need for scholars to revisit commonly held assumptions regarding autocratic survival.