对我国犯罪心理学研究中若干问题的思考

犯罪心理学的研究对治理犯罪及其刑事一体化发挥着重要的作用,不仅对治理犯罪具有重要的理论价值,而且具有重要的实践功用。二十多年来,我国犯罪心理学的研究取得了很大的发展和成绩,但也存在不足。我国犯罪心理学的研究应进一步明确学科性质与定位,准确界定学科概念,对基础理论与实际应用问题的研究并重,加强与有关学科的联系和沟通,以深化学科研究,推动学科发展。     

健全和完善我国公共危机管理预警机制

公共危机管理预警机制是整个公共危机管理过程的第一步,决定着危机管理的发展态势。近年来,各类公共危机事件时有发生,为了预防危机,最大限度地降低危机带来的损害,必须构建完善的公共危机管理预警机制。本文从公共危机管理预警机制的内涵入手,分析了我国公共危机管理预警机制存在的问题,并借鉴国外公共危机管理预警机制的先进经验,探讨了如何健全和完善我国公共危机管理预警机制。     

政府危机突发事件网络舆情应对的问题及对策

与政府部门或个人有关的突发事件极易成为舆论中心,引发喷涌状的网络舆情。由于网络舆情应对体制、机制存在缺陷,部分政府部门工作人员对网络舆情缺乏正确认识和基本应对方法,因此在政府危机突发事件网络舆情应对中普遍存在着应对不当、处置不力、引导无方的问题,严重影响政府形象和公信力。在互联网与网络舆情深度互动的现实背景下,以创新思维,健全联动机制、预警机制、处置机制、引导机制和管理体制,提升网络舆情应对能力,不仅是重塑政府形象的必要,也是创新社会治理模式的具体表现和有效途径。     

关于高职教育过程性考核方式改革的思考

过程性考核方式是高职教育教学改革的一个重要环节。学校、教师、学生、教学管理职能部门对过程性考核方式改革的认识、态度、方法不同,采取的策略、路径、措施不同,均直接关系改革成效,四个方面方向一致、形成合力,方可获得最佳组合效果。     

West Indians in New York

Abstract

The process by which diverse ethnic groups from around the world blended into a unique civilization called the United States of America has provided insight into how mass immigration impacts on the development of human societies. This study explored the economic, educational, and social integration of a group of 409 first generation West Indian immigrants into the fabric of the society in New York City. It used the self-reports of those who were born and had worked in the West Indies, and had migrated and lived for several years in New York. The survey asked about their economic and educational status in the West Indies, compared with their current socio-economic profile, in order to determine the degree and quality of their social mobility. The criterion variables economic integration and experiencing problems of living in the United States of America were associated with nine input factors: age, citizenship, education, gender, income, length of residence, marital status, occupation, and reason for migrating to the United States.     

Planning,Budgeting, and Health Care Performance in Ukraine

Abstract

The Government of Ukraine has not pursued health care reforms now commonplace in the rest of Europe and Central/Eastern Europe that rely less upon centralized, state delivery of services and more on decentralized operational responsibilities and competition for services that increase patient choice. The Ukrainian health sector suffers from personnel overspecialization and facility overcapacity, resulting in high-cost, low productivity services. Budget funds are unavailable for operations and maintenance resulting in poor quality services. The state provides health care as a constitutionally-protected monopoly, relying on the traditional command and control model which ignores cost/quality competition options and responsibilities to patients. Overall, the system which produces these results is over-centralized, requiring achievement of physical service norms without providing sufficient funds. The centralized system does not monitor or evaluate services beyond narrow financial accountability and control requirements. The health care system is paradoxically over-centralized but unable to regulate or control local health care official decisions to ensure compliance with national standards. Needed are reforms in the health care policy and operational areas to produce the supply of services needed for national economic recovery. In the short-term, the budgetary framework can be improved as an operational/management guide through development of comparative information on results. Most of this information can be based on the economic classification consistent with the chart of accounts. Funding stability can be increased to improve expenditure control by implementing a new fiscal transfer formula that provides discretion (i.e., block grants) and performance criteria (i.e., outcome measures). In the medium-term, building on the technical foundation of physical norms and statistical reporting, the health care budgeting and financial management system should shift emphasis to: program planning, policy and management analysis, and public communications. The results of these reforms should lead to decentralized health care operations, service analysis, and delivery responsibilities. At the same time, the reforms should lead to proper centralization of responsibilities for strategic policy decisions, safety regulation, national standards, and program evaluation.     

ANALYZING SELF‐ORGANIZED LOCAL GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES: ARE THERE INSIGHTS FOR DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS?

In spite of the great enthusiasm and arguments supporting decentralization in Africa, its performance has frequently fallen well below expectations. However, a number of self‐initiated, local governance efforts have been quite successful. The article finds that all governance initiatives face a number of collective action problems that they must overcome to succeed. These include issues of collective choice, free riding, principal–agency, and constitutional design. The article explores two cases of locally initiated self‐governance initiatives where smaller population size, the ability to focus on only a few services, and the ability flexibly to redesign their institutions were important in their success in overcoming these governance challenges. In one case, challenge by and negotiation with formal governance institutions furthered their success. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pollution,Politics, and Preferences for Environmental Spending in the States

While state environmental and natural resource spending is designed to address actual environmental problems, the budget process is also inherently political. Thus, in the following article we ask a simple question: to what extent does state environmental and natural resource spending respond to the scope of environmental problems in a state, versus the demands of the political process? Unlike the bulk of previous research, we consider both aggregate spending and program‐specific spending. We also consider how the severity of environmental problems and the political environment may interact to determine spending. The findings show that politics, specifically the strength of the environmental movement, is a more important determinant of state environmental spending than pollution severity. However, for some program areas, it appears that strong environmental groups make state budgets more responsive to the severity of environmental problems.     

人类基因组计划带来的伦理与法律问题

人类基因组计划是人类科学史上的一个里程碑。但是对于这一科学研究的迅速发展,人类社会还没有在心理上、伦理思考、法律建设上做好充分的准备,因而会受到巨大的冲击。因此,法律应该充分表现出自己的前瞻性,提前介入这一争端,对基因技术的使用加以规范和引导,使之按照符合人类伦理、道德的方向发展,避免出现一些危及整个人类的尊严、情感乃至生存的后果。     

高职电脑艺术设计专业的理念和建设

通过对我国艺术设计类高等职业教育现状和优势的分析，详细说明了北京政法职业学院电脑艺术设计专业的理念和建构，进一步提出了电脑艺术设计专业建设过程中存在的一些问题和解决建议。