State fragility and failure as wicked problems: beyond naming and taming

Conceptualising state fragility and failure as a wicked problem set reveals the complex, ill-defined and interdependent nature of the reality behind these labels. This essay builds on the contributions to this special issue by examining why the fragile/failed state concept remains in good currency despite its analytic weaknesses. The discussion reveals that the parsing of state fragility into its component parts and the development of related indicators reflect efforts to tame the wickedness of the problem set; this has led to peace-building and state-building interventions whose plans and actions do not effectively take account of what is necessary to achieve their intended aims. A better problem-solving match would look beyond naming and taming, incorporating lessons from the implementation literature and international development practice. However, achieving this would depend upon the political will of both labellers and the labelled.     

论构建有效的行政问责法律制度

行政问责即对行政机关及其工作人员的责任追究制度,主要由问责主体、问责对象、问责范围、问责程序、问责结果等基本要素构成.目前,我国行政问责中存在的突出问题是:行政问责立法滞后,异体问责相对薄弱,问责对象不够全面,问责范围过于狭窄,职责权限比较模糊,责任形式不够全面,责任追究弹性较大,缺乏有效的司法救济途径等.为了充分发挥行政问责的惩罚、教育、安抚、补救、警示、预防功能,必须确立责任行政理念,明确行政问责主体,拓宽问责适用范围,统一责任认定标准,增加责任承担方式,严格行政问责程序,优化行政问责环境.     

对派出所信息化建设情况的调研报告

笔者通过两个月的基层锻炼,了解到了一些派出所的信息化建设的现状,分析了派出所信息化建设中存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的方法和对策,由此引发了对公安信息化建设的几点思考。     

涉外公证质量问题的几点思考

涉外公证质量在实践中存在的一些问题 ,是由以下几个方面的原因造成的 :公证员认识上的误区 ;超越公证办理权限 ;收费标准不合理 ;不正当竞争行为。提高涉外公证质量应从以下几个方面努力 :一是提高公证工作人员的素质 ;二是严格按规定办理涉外公证 ;三是统一公证收费标准 ;四是加快公证处网络建设。     

浅析电影片名的翻译

本文指出了目前在电影片名的翻译中存在的问题,建议在电影片名的翻译时要体现出影片信息、商业价值、美学原则和文化内涵四个方面的内容。并呼吁译者翻译电影片名时把四者结合,译出优美的片名。     

对我国犯罪心理学研究中若干问题的思考

犯罪心理学的研究对治理犯罪及其刑事一体化发挥着重要的作用,不仅对治理犯罪具有重要的理论价值,而且具有重要的实践功用。二十多年来,我国犯罪心理学的研究取得了很大的发展和成绩,但也存在不足。我国犯罪心理学的研究应进一步明确学科性质与定位,准确界定学科概念,对基础理论与实际应用问题的研究并重,加强与有关学科的联系和沟通,以深化学科研究,推动学科发展。     

A Randomized Clinical Trial Exploring Gambling Attitudes,Barriers to Treatment,and Efficacy of a Brief Motivational Intervention Among Ex-Offenders with Disordered Gambling

Correctional populations are disproportionately burdened by disordered gambling; yet, problem awareness is minimal among both offenders and professionals within the criminal justice system. The aims of the current study were twofold: (i) to examine gambling attitudes and problem awareness among ex-offenders, and (ii) to determine the efficacy of a brief online gambling intervention for ex-offenders. Participants (N = 126) were ex-offenders on probation and parole. Gambling attitudes, attitudes toward treatment, and disorder gambling status were assessed. Disordered gamblers (n = 102) were randomly assigned to (i) a brief intervention plus referral to treatment or (ii) referral to treatment only, and these individuals were re-assessed at a 30-day follow-up. Lifetime disordered gambling was highly prevalent (86%) in the ex-offender sample, and providing information regarding disordered gambler status and referral to treatment was effective in decreasing gambling attitudes, as well as gambling severity and frequency. The current study has direct implications for treatment and intervention efforts among ex-offenders with disordered gambling and yields a greater understanding of attitudes toward gambling among ex-offenders.     

治安调解存在的问题与制度完善

治安调解实践中存在缩小或扩大调解范围、违反自愿原则强行调解、程序缺失、效率低、方法简单等问题。其主要原因是:治安调解的范围模糊不清,缺乏可操作性;治安调解基本原则缺失,难以适应复杂多变的实际需求;治安调解没有或缺少相关程序规定;治安调解法律效力规定不明确,过于笼统;缺失调解无效和调解救济制度。应当从立法进行完善:确立治安调解的基本原则;科学合理确定治安调解的案件范围和标准;设定简捷、高效的正当调解程序;重新设定治安调解的效力;确立调解无效和调解救济制度。并应改革与完善治安调解执行制度:正确认识治安调解的价值,努力提升办案民警的基本素质;创新治安调解工作机制,有效化解社会矛盾,减少或避免上访及申诉现象;建立治安调解的奖惩与监督制度。     

加强学科在高校研究生培养中的作用

随着研究生招生规模的扩大,出现了研究生培养质量下降的现象,本文针对目前我国高校研究生扩招的现状,分析了目前高校研究培养存在的主要问题,并从学科发展趋势及特性出发,分析了学科在研究生培养中的作用,认为加强学科对导师和研究生的培养、管理和监督,有利于保证和提高研究生培养的水平和质量。     

环境问题对国际关系的影响

环境问题已经成为国际关系的一个重要新领域。严重恶化的环境问题引起国际局势紧张、引发国际冲突,甚至导致局部战争,危及有关国家、地区乃至世界的和平与安全,是对国际关系的毒化和对主权的挑战。面对环境问题日益严重的挑战,惟有展开广泛的国际合作,才能实现全球环境安全。