我国农民向市民转化的适应过程

我国的农民市民化经历了一段曲折的历程,改革开放以后,我国农民市民化逐步走上了健康的发展道路。就我国目前情况来看,农民到市民的转变,要经过一系列的适应性变化过程：第一步是离开农村来到城市,在城市工作生活;第二步是取得城市的户籍,放弃农村的土地,正式定居城市,获得与市民的同等待遇和权利;第三步是真正的融入城市生活,完成了心理文化适应的转变过程,农民才能真正转变为市民。     

Land grabbing,social differentiation,intensified migration and food security in northern Ghana

This paper argues that large-scale land appropriation is displacing subsistence farmers and reworking agrarian social relations in northern Ghana. The recent wave of farmland enclosure has not only resulted in heightened land scarcity, but also fostered a marked social differentiation within farming communities. The dominant form of inequality is an evolving class of landless and near-landless farmers. The majority of households cope with such dynamics by deepening their own self-exploitation in the production process. The fulcrum of this self-exploitation is gendered property rights as part of the conjugal contract, with men exerting a far greater monopoly over land resources than had previously been the case. Due to acute land shortages, women’s rights to use land as wives, mothers and daughters are becoming insecure, as their vegetable plots are being reclassified as male-controlled household fields. The paper further documents the painful choices that landless farmers have to make in order to meet livelihood needs, including highly disciplined, yet low-waged, farm labor work and sharecropping contracts. In these livelihood pathways, there emerge, again, exploitative relations of production, whereby surplus is expropriated from land-dispossessed migrant laborers and concentrated with farm owners. These dynamics produce a ‘simple reproduction squeeze’ for the land-dispossessed. Overall, the paper contributes to the emerging land grabbing literature by showing geographically specific processes of change for large-scale mining operations and gendered differentiated impacts.     

‘If the company belongs to you,how can you be against it?’ Limiting participation and taming dissent in neo-extractivist Bolivia

The contribution identifies the differentiated strategies used by the government and extraction corporations to limit consultation processes and to tame the dissent of local populations affected by hydrocarbon activities. Based on extensive fieldwork in coca-growing peasant and indigenous Guaraní communities in Bolivia, it discusses how the constraints on communities’ opportunities to exercise voice and agency have been effectively justified through a reliance on the country’s neo-extractivist regime. Furthermore, the analysis of recent retrogressive legal reforms reveals that the Bolivian government has definitely abandoned its original promises to establish ‘progressive neo-extractivism’ with regard to indigenous rights and environmental protection.     

论派遣劳动者与正式工的待遇差别

那些在企业核心岗位、常年性岗位的派遣劳动者与要派单位正式工从事相同的工作,却得不到同等的待遇。这表明派遣劳动者与正式工存在待遇差别,我们应该从健全法律制度、保障集体劳权、加强政府监督三个方面入手,解决派遣劳动者待遇差别问题。     

论农民工职业培训成本的分担

农民工职业培训的准公共产品属性,决定了农民工个人、企业和政府应该成为职业培训成本的分担者。要解决农民工职业培训经费不足的困境,必须在坚持能力原则、收益原则和保障原则的基础上,建立个人、企业和政府共同负担的多元化农民工职业培训经费成本分担机制。     

民工“自救型犯罪”之犯罪学分析

民工“自救型犯罪”是指当民工的生存、定展受到威胁或合法权益遭受侵害时,他们以犯罪的方式来维护自己的权益;维权成本过高、保障机制缺失、心理失范、法律知识匮乏等是民工“自救型犯罪”产生的原因。因此。需要健全立法和加强执法,将民工纳入科学的社会保险体系．关注民工心理健康,加强民工的法制教育;     

用劳模精神做好劳模工作

河西区总工会,近年重视"用劳模精神做好劳模工作",积累了如下一些经验与体会:一、做好劳模工作,首须对劳模精神有充分的认识;二、充分发挥劳模作用,有赖于做好组织工作;三、对劳模,亦须施以必要的关爱。     

金融危机背景下农民工视角的就业前景分析

受国际金融危机的冲击,一些企业陷入困境,农民工就业受到影响。金融危机条件下,农民工视角的就业前景是:出于生计考虑,外出务工仍是其主要选择;金融危机并没有减弱农民工外出务工的强烈愿望;农民工对金融危机背景下的就业前景持较为乐观的态度;农民工的权利意识不断增强。     

农民工进城就业安居法治环境研究

统筹城乡发展，解决农民工问题是关键。本文通过对农民工进城就业安居情况的调查和研究，分析了农民工进城就业安居中存在的问题，指出了农民工进城就业安居中的各种制度障碍，提出了破解这些制度障碍、构建农民工进城就业安居法治环境的建议，希望对促进农民工进城就业安居和统筹城乡发展的理论研究与实践有所裨益。     

Rondas Campesinas in the Peruvian Civil War: Peasant Self-defence Organisations in Ayacucho

Despite the fact that the Shining Path guerrilla movement in Peru enjoyed initial peasant support, the emergence and spread of rondas campesinas or self-defence committees in the Andean highlands of Ayacucho was principally a response against coercion and violence exerted by Shining Path against the very same peasantry. This article seeks to demonstrate that the ronda phenomenon must be understood as part of the complex changes brought about by the proliferation of violence in the Peruvian Andes. The spread of rondas campesinas cannot be reduced to a mere counterinsurgent strategy imposed by the security forces on the rural communities; communal initiative and peasant 'agency' were, at certain stages, at least as important. Only with the rise to power of Fujimori were the self-defence committees formally incorporated in the state's anti-guerrilla strategy. Subsequently, with the reduction in the level of violence, self-defence committees have been seeking new roles in relation to the challenges of re-civilianisation and reconstruction.