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71.
《Safundi: The Journal of South African and American Studies》2013,14(3):338-358
ABSTRACTThis study i) briefly sketches some anti-apartheid arts initiatives of the 1980s; ii) examines the anti-apartheid academic common sense that assumed that “real struggle” could occur only within the labor movement; while iii) both are discussed in relation to early Afrikaner conservative cultural theory. The role of social theory within these sites of resistance is discussed. The article offers a lived methodology by including evocative observations from some social actors who participated in, and contributed to anti-apartheid art, drama and writing. The objective is to draw out debates on struggle rather than to offer a discussion of arts initiatives themselves. These are examined in terms of Albie Sachs’ pleas for discussion beyond the weaponization of art, one that restores the humanity robbed by apartheid. 相似文献
72.
Christopher Courtheyn 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(7):1432-1459
ABSTRACTScholars are increasingly re-theorizing territory beyond the nation-state given Indigenous and Afro-descendant groups’ demands for ‘territory’ as they confront land grabbing in Latin America. Yet alternative territorialities are not limited to such ethnic groups. Based on 16 months of ethnographic research between 2011 and 2016, I explore the relational territoriality produced by a peasant ‘peace community’ in San José de Apartadó, Colombia. By tracing the collective political subject produced by the Peace Community’s active production of peace through a set of spatial practices, places and values, which include massacre commemorations, food sovereignty initiatives and Indigenous–peasant solidarity networks, this contribution presents a conceptual framework for analyzing diverse territorial formations. 相似文献
73.
The transnational agrarian social movement Vía Campesina is campaigning to have the United Nations negotiate and implement a Declaration, and eventually an International Convention, on Peasants' Rights. This article analyzes the origins and demands of the campaign and the place of the claimed rights in international law. Peasant organizations hope to follow in the footsteps of indigenous peoples' movements that participated in the negotiations preceding the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The peasants' rights campaign has succeeded in linking its demands to discussions of the right to food in the United Nations, where concern is growing over the approach of the 2015 target for realizing the Millennium Development Goals, in particular the halving of the numbers of people suffering from hunger. The campaign is likely to face stiff resistance from powerful UN member states, but could achieve substantial advances even if the path to a convention is difficult or never completed. 相似文献
74.
Marygold Walsh-Dilley 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(4):659-682
Scholars often highlight the capacity for cooperation and reciprocity as one of the most outstanding features of Andean peasants, but also raise concerns that these traditional strategies necessarily wither and fade as Andean people and places are increasingly incorporated into capitalist markets and processes. This study examines how non-market cooperative and reciprocal economic practices are affected as rural Bolivians expand production to meet a growing international demand for the Andean pseudo-grain quinoa. Based on the grounded experiences of rural Bolivians who are negotiating the modernisation and martketisation of agricultural production for the first time, I find that increasing incorporation into global markets need not undermine the moral economy of rural people, and may in fact strengthen their commitment to reciprocal and cooperative strategies. In contrast to claims that the spread of modern markets and technologies will weaken and ultimately replace cooperative strategies, I argue that reciprocity practices are important components in the construction of a new, hybrid economic space. Within this space, where economic strategies are based on moral sentiments as well as market logic, reciprocity provides a socially and ecologically appropriate ‘toolkit’ with which rural people negotiate their uneven incorporation into global capitalistic processes. 相似文献
75.
Robin Thiers 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(2):337-357
Global production network (GPN) analysts argue that workers actively contribute to the shaping of GPNs through different forms of agency. In this contribution I extend this argument to the tactical agency of small producers. By focusing on the phenomenon of side-selling among Filipino banana contract farmers, I show that these tactics have contributed to the emergence of alternative trade networks that undermined traditional lead firm behaviour and inspired new struggles over chain governance. However, as a diverse and ambiguous group of growers engages in this tactical agency, predominantly as small capital, they also contribute to the continuation of broader dynamics of capital accumulation and labour exploitation. 相似文献
76.
Harriet Friedmann 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(5):1096-1105
ABSTRACTTeodor Shanin's The Awkward Class helped to launch two immensely important research directions. First, resistance by Russian peasants to modernizing agricultural policies by both Tsarist and Soviet governments opened new questions about collectivization of agriculture, and made Russian history relevant to the study of ‘developing societies.’ Second, the idea of cyclical mobility of peasant households challenged the then widely held assumption that peasants were destined to disappear. Instead of explaining ‘persistence’ of peasants, Shanin explored distinct logics of peasant households and communities. This helped to define a new inter-disciplinary field called peasant studies. 相似文献
77.
Studies of Brazil's agricultural labor movement have generally neglected its relationship to the struggle for land, but this is neither fair nor accurate. Analyzing the rural labor movement's historical contributions to the land struggle in Brazil, this contribution has been organized into three main periods, emphasizing social relations, institutional activism and policy changes. It argues that despite the peculiarities of different historical contexts, rural labor consistently provoked protest against policies that privileged large landholders, whose concentration of power over land and labor resources continually worsened Brazil's ranking as one of the most unequal of nations. For more than half a century, the most constant opponent of this situation among the peasantry has been the National Confederation of Workers in Agriculture (CONTAG), a corporatist organization of rural labor unions founded in 1963. 相似文献
78.
目的 基于高通量测序技术探究蛇床子素（osthole,OST）逆转MCF-7/Adr细胞对阿霉素（adriamycin,Adr）耐药性的潜在机制。方法 首先采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,采用荧光染色法评估细胞内Adr的滞留情况;其次测定多药耐药基因1（multidrug resistance 1,MDR1）和P-糖蛋白（P-glycoprotein,P-gp）水平;最后对OST给药的MCF-7/Adr细胞进行高通量测序,筛选差异表达的微小RNA（micro RNA,miRNA）并进行生物信息学分析。结果 20 μmol/L OST 处理MCF-7/Adr细胞48 h后,对Adr的耐药倍数由20.3下降至2.8,Adr积累增加,并且MDR1 mRNA及其编码的P-gp表达水平下降。miRNA测序鉴定出92个miRNA上调,32个miRNA下调。生物信息学分析结果表明,差异表达的miRNA的主要功能是调节细胞增殖和细胞对化疗药物的耐药性;其靶基因可能与DNA结合、蛋白质运输、核苷酸结合等生物学过程相关,以及与Ras、Rap1、MAPK等信号通路有关。结论 OST可逆转MCF-7/Adr细胞对Adr的耐药性,其机制可能与调节miRNA表达有关。 相似文献
79.
目的:探讨益气养阴活血中药改善气阴两虚血瘀型2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的机制.方法:将70例2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各35例.基础治疗均为口服格列吡嗪或达美康,治疗组在此基础上加用益气养阴活血中药.3个月为1个疗程.观察两组患者治疗前后空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(postprandial 2 hours blood glucose, P2BG)、空腹血胰岛素(fasting insulin, FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, GHbA1c)、血脂、凝血功能等指标的变化,并计算稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗(homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance,Homa-IR)指数.结果:两组患者治疗3个月后,FBG、P2BG、FINS、GHbAlc、Homa-IR及血脂、凝血指标均显著改善(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),治疗组改善程度显著优于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).治疗组降糖疗效和中医证候疗效显著优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:益气养阴活血中药在防治和改善2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗及血脂紊乱、血液高凝状态方面具有一定的疗效. 相似文献
80.
目的：观察复方中药制剂芪丹通脉片对健康犬心脏冠状动脉血流量及阻力的影响,方法：分离犬的冠状动物左旋支及主动脉根部,放置电磁流量计探头,测定不同药物在给药前后不同时刻碱诉冠状动脉血流量,计算冠状动脉阻力。结果：芪丹通脉片高剂量（生药2g/kg)能明显增加冠状动脉血流量,减少冠状动脉阻力,结论：芪丹通脉片能够增加冠状动脉血流量,调整和改善心肌供血,为缺血性心脏病的治疗提供了实验论据。 相似文献