易科制度比较与借鉴——大陆与港澳台刑罚比较研究

刑法大量规定的罚金刑，反映了我国刑罚结构新的发展趋势，是刑罚立法中的一项重大进步，但是，罚金刑适用当中所引发的问题也不容回避，尤其是在执行过程中至今仍然困扰着我国乃至世界各国的司法机构。文章通过对大陆与港澳台刑罚的比较，对罚金刑易科制度的有关问题进行了探讨。     

律师见证制度中的两大悖论

律师见证是指律师接受双方当事人的委托，以律师事务所的名义对民事法律行为的真实性、合法性进行证明和监督的一项活动。它旨在实现法律正义，然而，笔者发现该制度在设计与实际运行中存在两大悖论，即主观与客观的悖论和初衷与实效的悖论，致使该制度带有不客观、不公正的天性，并陡增处理民事官司的复杂性。因此，笔者认为封这一制度的期待应是“到此为止”。     

商事登记在民商审判实践中的证据效力问题研究

在商法不断发展的过程中，商事登记审查制度也不断发展变化，我国在此方面表现得尤其明显。2006年1月1日修改后的《公司登记管理条例》施行，商事登记审查制度由原来的实质审查制转变为以形式审查为主、实质审查为辅的审查制，这虽然是历史的进步，但却为法官提出了在司法实务中如何确定商事登记证据效力的难题。法院为维护自身证据规则的统一，必然要面临形式审查状态下的商事登记的司法证据效力与商事登记公信效力冲突等问题。在以形式审查为主要审查制度的状态下，法院在民商审判实践中应该以司法独立认定和司法认定独立原则、信赖利益保护原则、“禁止反言”原则或“自食其果”原则等确定商事登记的证据效力。     

警察行政处罚权主体研究

警察行政处罚权属于警察行政执法权的范畴，一切合法有效的行政执法行为都应出自适格的行政执法权主体。警察行政处罚权主体，是指享有警察行政处罚权，能以警察机关的名义实施警察行政管理活动，履行警察行政管理职责，并且能独立承担法律责任的组织和个人。它是警察行政处罚权的主要构成要素之一。研究警察行政处罚权主体的本质属性，有利于进一步探讨警察行政处罚权力配置。     

增强公务员培训实效性的路径选择

公务员培训是提高公务员队伍素质的一项重要工作,而实效性是检验培训质量的标志。针对公务员培训中实效性不强的问题,应从把握公务员培训特点、创新培训理念、明确培训目标、整合培训方式方法、改革培训体制、提高培训内生动力等方面入手,切实增强公务员培训的实效性。     

Preliminary Study on the Effect of Heated Surfaces Upon Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) involves the interpretation of distinct blood patterns found at crime scenes following a violent act. In this paper, we explored for the first time the effects of surface temperatures upon blood impacting a horizontal surface (steel) with its implications in BPA explored. Specific surface temperatures were explored over the range 24–250°C which relate to the four major boiling regimes of liquid media; natural convection, nucleate boiling, transition boiling, and film boiling, where a series of blood drops tests were performed at varying impact velocities. Blood was found to separate into its components at temperatures of 50°C+, displayed as temperature induced blood rings, where a single secondary and a series of further inner rings are exhibited. This consequently led to the development of a new constant expressing the decrease in spread factor (D_s/D_o) at the secondary ring.     

The Death Penalty: Response to Ron Paul

Dr. Ron Paul, leader of the libertarian movement and former Congressman, favors the elimination of the death penalty. He argues from both a moral and economic, or pragmatic, perspective against executions. The present article takes issue with his stance and defends the killing of convicted murderers, with some caveats.     

Predictors of Death Sentencing for Minority,Equal, and Majority Female Juries in Capital Murder Trials

The relatively small body of prior research investigating whether the sex composition of juries impacts sentencing decisions has produced equivocal results. Exploring this topic further, the current study used a large sample of capital cases from North Carolina (n = 675) to examine (a) whether jury sex composition predicted jury capital punishment sentencing decisions; and (b) whether there were different models of sentencing for male-majority, equal male-female, and female-majority juries. When we controlled for a number of legal and extralegal factors, our findings indicated that jury sex composition was independently related to sentencing outcomes. Specifically, equal male-female juries were significantly more likely and female-majority juries were significantly less likely to choose the death penalty versus a sentence of life in prison. In addition, different models (predictors) of sentencing were revealed for each of the jury sex compositions. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.     

论死刑案件的量刑

死刑是一种最严厉的刑罚方法,死刑制度是一项极其重要的刑事司法制度。把握好死刑案件的量刑,对于实现罪责刑均衡进而实现刑事法治至关重要。死刑案件的量刑应秉持责任主义观念,以责任刑制约预防刑,综合考虑量刑的法律效果、政治效果和社会效果,追求个案量刑的综合平衡,并辅之以隔离式相对独立的量刑程序,改善当前死刑案件的审理现状和量刑情况,严格控制和审慎适用死刑,以实现司法的公平公正。     

论当前行业协会应对贸易摩擦的不足及其完善

自我国加入WTO十余年来,我国的对外贸易额飞速增长,现已成为世界第二大经济体。但是这一辉煌的进程却同时伴随着我国遭遇了众多的贸易摩擦并损失惨重的历史教训。中国制造在占据世界重要一席之地的同时也一直饱受诟病。其他国家相继实行各种类型的贸易摩擦给中国企业和商品贴上各种“标签”,使我国企业出口背上了沉重的包袱。因此,如何积极应对贸易摩擦,给出口企业营造良好的发展环境和公平竞争空间,就需要我国政府、企业和行业协会的共同努力。本文着重从行业协会的角度来探讨应对贸易摩擦的方式和方法。