Quality of Life,Transportation Costs,and Federal Housing Assistance: Leveling the Playing Field

Abstract

Federal housing subsidies are allocated without regard to spatial differences in the cost of living or quality of life. In this article, we calculate housing subsidy payments for participants in the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program and demonstrate that these subsidies are significantly related to metropolitan quality-of-life differentials. We then estimate amenity-adjusted subsidies and compare these estimates with data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Location Affordability Portal. Our analysis yields three insights regarding the relationship between federal housing assistance payments (HAP), metropolitan quality-of-life differentials, and transportation cost burdens. First, HCV HAP show a strong inverse correlation with household transportation expenditures, and this is particularly pronounced for low-income households. Thus, HAP do not address location affordability because those living in high-transportation cost metropolitan areas receive the lowest housing subsidies. Second, we present evidence that HAP are positively related to metropolitan quality-of-life differentials. This suggests that high-amenity metropolitan areas also tend to be the most affordable from a transportation cost perspective. Third, our proposed amenity-adjusted HAP strongly reduce the inverse relationship between HAP and transportation cost burdens.     

从《物权法》第106条的规定审视我国的善意取得制度

善意取得制度适用范围的扩大,是我国《物权法》的一大特点,将善意取得制度扩大适用于不动产,体现了对交易安全的着重保护,然而考察传统民法的体系可以发现,对不动产的交易安全,往往是由公示公信原则来保护的,这样的体系在大多数大陆法系国家的民法典中也得到了一致的遵循。那么,将善意取得适用于不动产后,如何与公示公信原则衔接便成了一个重要的问题。考察《物权法》草案,可以发现,原本的善意取得有四个要件,而最后出台的《物权法》删去了其中的“转让合同有效”这一要件,这一修改很难找出其学理上的依据,且与民法体系不合。     

论善治理论对高校学生社区管理的指导意义

兴起于20世纪90年代的西方治理理论中的“善治”理论为各国提供了管理上的创新模型和分析框架。善治是实现高校学生社区管理目标的重要途径,其合作治理理念为高校学生社区管理提供了新的管理思路。善治的基本特征为高校学生社区管理提供了所应坚持的原则。善治也是改善学生社区环境、社区服务、社区文化的有效途径。     

论商品房买卖中的失信问题及其规范

由于商品房买卖具有与其他商品买卖不同的特征,诚信成为一个很重要的问题。为了规范商品房买卖中的诚信问题,我国相继颁布了一些法律法规,最高人民法院于2003年5月7日发布了最新的关于商品房买卖的司法解释,对商品房买卖中的诚信问题作了比较具体的规定,是我们处理商品房买卖纠纷的重要依据。重点探讨商品房买卖中的失信问题及规范。     

Sexual Orientation Discrimination after Grant v South-West Trains

In Grant v South-West Trains [1998] ECR I-621, the European Court of Justice implied that, as a general matter, discrimination against an employee on the ground of sexual orientation did not violate Article 141 EC. This article argues that Grant rests on shaky foundations, in that it is conceptually inconsistent with the Court's earlier decision in P v S and Cornwall County Council [1996] ECR I-2143. Furthermore, the scope of Grant has since been qualified by decisions of the European Court of Human Rights – decisions which may well have undermined the status of the case more broadly. However these difficulties are ultimately resolved, the Court of Justice's treatment of sexual orientation discrimination exposes flaws in its approach as a self-proclaimed constitutional court.     

Well-Being in the Welfare State: Level Not Higher, Distribution Not More Equitable

The terms well-being and welfare are Often bracketed together, especially well-being and state welfare. The level of well-being is believed to be higher in welfare states, and its distribution more equitable. This theory is tested here in a comparative study of 41 nations from 1980 to 1990. The size of state welfare is measured by social security expenditures. The well-being of citizens is measured in terms of the degree to which they lead healthy and happy lives. Contrary to expectation, there appears to be no link between the size of the welfare state and the level of well-being within it. In countries with generous social security schemes, people are not healthier or happier than in equally affluent countries where the state is less open-handed. Increases or reductions in social security expenditure are not related to a rise or fall in the level of health and happiness either. There also appears to be no connection between the size of state welfare and equality in well-being among citizens of the state. In countries where social security expenditure is high, the dispersion of health and happiness is not smaller than in equally prosperous countries with less social insurance spending. Again, increases and reductions in social security expenditure are not linked with equality in health and happiness among citizens. This counterintuitive result raises five questions: (1) Is this really true? (2) If so, what could explain this lack of effect? (3) Why is it so difficult to believe this result? (4) How should this information affect social policy? (5) What can we learn from further research?     

社会分层与治安善治

社会分层反映一个社会的权力、资源配置和结构关系、利益表达协调和实现机制、社会活力释放机制,是一个社会组织结构状况合理性与否的整体性反映。它在深层蕴含着一个社会的内在张力的蓄积情况,决定着社会治安的实际状况和演变的规律。社会治安善治,是政府和公民合作管理社会治安的过程,是政治国家与市民社会间的一种新颖关系。社会分层必然关切于治安善治的内容及其结构模式。在当代中国背景下,治安善治理应采取行政吸纳社会的模式进行,它既可以保证稳定,又能持续改善。治安善治的制度结构应该是支持性治安基础制度和控制性治安制度的有机统一。     

Long-term income trajectories and the evolution of political attitudes

Income and political attitudes are powerfully correlated in cross-sectional data, yet research based on panel data finds at most a weak correlation. In this paper, we examine this puzzling pattern by exploring the long-term evolution of attitudes over the life cycle. We evaluate the predictions of five different explanations on the relationship between attitudes and income experiences. These explanations focus on, respectively: socialization, anticipation, myopic self-interest, learning and status maximization. We employ accelerated longitudinal design models using data on core political values that span up to sixteen years from the British Household Panel Survey. Our findings reconcile the mixed evidence in the literature: the correlation between income and political attitudes, strong in cross-sectional studies but weak in short panel studies, emerges because attitudes crystallize – slowly but systematically – as income evolves over the life cycle. This pattern is most consistent with the learning explanation.     

益气养阴解毒方联合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌22例

目的 观察益气养阴解毒方联合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效。方法 选择符合纳入标准的中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者22 例,采用益气养阴解毒方联合化疗治疗2个疗程,观察治疗前后临床主要症状变化情况,生存质量改变等指标。结果 治疗后部分患者神疲乏力、食欲不振、口干、心烦失眠、咳嗽、咳痰、胸痛、气促等症状改善明显（P<0.05）,治疗后KPS评分较治疗前提高（P<0.05）,毒性及不良反应发生率低。结论 对于中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,益气养阴解毒方可有效改善临床症状,提高生活质量。     

清肾颗粒合复方α 酮酸治疗慢性肾衰竭湿热证疗效观察

目的 观察清肾颗粒联合复方α-酮酸对非透析期慢性肾衰竭（chronic renal failure,CRF）湿热证患者生活质量的改善作用。方法 将102例非透析期CRF患者随机分为常规组、对照组和治疗组,分别给予基础治疗、基础治疗联合复方α-酮酸、基础治疗联合复方α-酮酸和清肾颗粒,疗程12周,观察治疗前后血清肌酐（serum creatinine,SCr）、清蛋白（albumin,Alb）、肾小球滤过率（glomerular filtration rate,GFR）及主要中医症状变化,并采用肾病生活质量简表1.3版（kidney disease quality of life short form,version 1.3,KDQOL-SF TM1.3）评价治疗前后患者的生活质量。结果 治疗组在升高Alb方面显著优于常规组（P<0.01）,在降低中医证候积分方面显著优于常规组和对照组（P<0.01）,治疗组在升高KDQOL-SF TM1.3量表各维度评分及其总分方面显著优于常规组（P<0.05,或P<0.01）,对照组仅在升高SF 36（KDQOL-SF TM1.3量表维度）评分方面显著优于常规组（P<0.05）。多元逐步回归分析发现年龄、GFR、中医证候积分和Alb对生活质量的影响较大。结论 清肾颗粒联合复方α-酮酸在延缓肾衰竭进展的同时,对CRF湿热证患者生活质量具有较好改善作用。