Only a Matter of Time? The Role of Criminal Competence in Avoiding Arrest

While prior research has shown that the probability of detection plays a role in the decision-making of many offenders, much less is known on offenders’ relative success in avoiding arrest. In this study, we draw from detailed criminal career data on 172 offenders involved in lucrative criminal activities to examine the role of criminal competence in the probability of being arrested in a given month. We examine a particular aspect of competence, criminal efficiency, which is defined as the ability to earn a relatively large amount of money for each crime committed. Our research design allows us to disentangle the effect of criminal efficiency as a static trait of offenders from the dynamic variations in efficiency that offenders experience over time. Results show that efficiency is a strong, negative predictor of arrest, both at the static and dynamic levels.     

中国行政执法困境的个案解读

在中国行政执法过程中,政府面临着普遍的“两难困境”,在立法过程中政府立场与民间态度缺乏有诚意的、有效的和充分的沟通,导致政府立场与民间态度的紧张;在执法过程中政府奉行一种“问题化策略”和“运动式执法”,过分迷信强制和制裁的力量而忽视了执法过程中所有参与者制度性的相互学习,故加剧了规则表达和规则实践之间的背反。走出执法困境要求在规则制定过程中,政府立场与民间态度通过制度化机制进行有效的、富有意义的交涉,在执法过程中应采取务实的态度,注重博弈过程中的学习、反思和策略调整。     

中国法治秩序建构理论的反思与重构--以日常生活批判理论为视角

本文运用日常生活批判理论对当代中国法治秩序建构理论进行了反思,认为当前法治秩序建构理论的致命弱点在于主体维度的缺失;法治秩序建构的本质在于由传统的日常生活世界向非日常生活世界跃迁;当代日常生活作为传统法律文化的寓所对于法治秩序的建构形成巨大的阻滞与消解因素;日常生活批判对于法治秩序的建构具有根基性价值.进而提出重构当代法治秩序建构理论的设想,即建构一套以国家(政府)为动力,以社会为基础,以日常生活批判和深层文化启蒙为主体维度的国家·社会·日常生活批判三位一体的新的法治秩序建构理论.     

论商誉侵权行为及其反不正当竞争法规制

近年来,商誉和商誉权法律保护问题开始引起人们的关注。司法实践中商誉损害赔偿纠纷也越来越多,对商誉提 供全面的法律保护已成为市场经济发展的必然要求。我国《反不正当竞争法》应将损害商誉不正当竞争行为准 确、科学地加以类型化,同时适度扩大对商誉的保护范围和保护力度,维护公平竞争,保护权利人的合法权益。     

第三人胁迫略探

我国民法通则和合同法都未对第三人胁迫作出规定。文章比较了国外三种立法例,从是否应该保护善意相对人以及因第三人胁迫所为的民事行为的效力是无效行为还是可撤销行为这两方面进行了阐述,指出意思表示自由更值得保护。     

当前青少年思想道德教育中宜注入的基本观念

在青少年思想道德教育中植入和普及"感恩"的观念,是帮助其确立正确人生观的基础;在青少年思想道德教育中牢固树立"尊重生命、热爱生命"的观念,是帮助他们确立正确价值观的根本;在青少年思想道德教育中牢固树立"习得关爱、学会包容"的观念,是帮助他们建立正确世界观的前提.     

取得时效的实践价值

取得时效是一定的事实状态经过一定的时间即产生一定的法律效果的制度,这一法律效果体现为原权利人丧失权利而占有人取得权利。它是法律在比较衡量物的用益利益与物的所有利益、私的所有的个人价值与和平秩序的社会价值,而作出的无奈选择。在这里时间之所以有如此重要的意义,乃是法律希望以时间来治愈权利瑕疵给社会生活带来的不便和困扰。目前,我国民法学界正致力于物权法的起草,如何认识取得时效制度对我国民法实践的价值和意义,便成了学理的一个努力方向。     

论大学生生命观教育问题研究的构建

从青少年危害自己或他人生命的事件中,可以看出当前学校教育对生命观教育的严重缺乏.作为高校思想政治教育主阵地的"两课",有必要进行大学生生命观教育问题的研究.通过生命观教育内容的初步构建及应用,引导大学生思考生与死的生命课题,以积极的态度面对生命的失落与痛苦,确认生命的意义,热爱生命,积极为人类社会的发展做出贡献,从而有利于全社会的稳定和发展.     

无权处分与善意取得

无权处分与善意取得被称为“法学上的精灵”,困扰学界与实务界多年。这其中较为复杂 ,且与传统民法有矛盾的问题是 :1、请求权能否发生及其基础问题 ;2、无法律上原因的无权处分与善意取得问题。     

THE CASCADING EFFECTS OF ADOLESCENT GANG INVOLVEMENT ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE*

The short‐run deleterious effects of gang involvement during adolescence have been well researched. However, surprisingly little empirical attention has been devoted to understanding how gang involvement in adolescence influences life chances and criminal behavior in adulthood. Drawing on the life‐course perspective, this study argues that gang involvement will lead to precocious transitions that, in turn, will have adverse consequences on the fulfillment of adulthood roles and statuses in the economic and family spheres. Moreover, problems fulfilling these conventional roles are hypothesized then to lead to sustained involvement in criminal behavior in adulthood. Using data from a sample of males from the Rochester Youth Development Study, results from structural equation models support the indirect link between gang membership and noncriminal and criminal outcomes in adulthood. Specifically, gang involvement leads to an increase in the number of precocious transitions experienced that result in both economic hardship and family problems in adulthood. These failures in the economic and family realms, in turn, contribute to involvement in street crime and/or arrest in adulthood. Implications for the criminal desistance process are discussed.