马克思主义“三观“新解

教科书体系对马克思主义“三观”的解读是脱离人的具体的感性活动的。从具体的感性实践出发,马克思主义世界观首先意味着人的自由自觉的感性活动打破自身的界限,不断地将人的感性意识和感性需要实现为自然的历史过程。其价值观的核心是共产主义,也即每个人的生命价值都获得充分的实现;表现在人生观方面,就是创造性地为他人活着,为每个人实现其生命价值创造条件而活着,才是一个纯粹的人,一个在精神的范围内实现了人的“类存在”的人。     

论董事“善意”规则的演进及其对我国的借鉴意义

从我国公司法的规定来看,勤勉义务和忠实义务不能完全涵盖董事对公司和股东造成损害的不当行为,亟待突破公司法关于董事勤勉义务和忠实义务的框架。在此方面,美国特拉华州公司法中的"善意"规则的演进对我国具有借鉴意义。在特拉华州,确认"善意义务"的独立性有其客观价值,但也存在逻辑困境,故存在巨大争议。我国学者对于引入董事的"善意"规则存在两种截然不同的观点。为应对实践中纷繁复杂的董事责任纠纷,我国应立足于实践需求,通过理论创新,将董事"善意"规则确定为董事信义义务制度的内涵,甚至将"善意义务"定位为独立的董事义务也未尝不可,但暂时不宜将公司合规确立为独立的董事义务。     

《民法典》与知识产权法的适用关系

《民法典》与知识产权法之关系既有普通法与特别法的共性,更有知识产权特质带来的个性。知识产权法的适用需要民法视野,更需要保持其个性,且其个性更多源于公共政策性,并以此与其他民事权利保护相界分。合法、公平、诚实信用原则适用于知识产权法,但又被赋予知识产权特色和内涵。知识产权法开放性地保护法益,是法益保护的重镇,但法益保护以合法为前提,并应对保护的正当性进行实质性衡量,非法行为不产生法益。诚实信用原则有广泛适用性,但又需要保持适用上的边界与谦抑。知识产权与物权在权利外观上有相似之处,但二者的原理和规则迥然不同,在理念与制度上不能简单类比。     

“优良家风”入法:性质、意涵和适用

《民法典》作为中国第一部以法典命名的法律,是一部固根本、稳预期、利长远的基础性法律。研究《民法典》中部分重要条款的理解与适用,既关系到坚持以人民为中心的发展思想的贯彻落实,也关系着国家治理体系的进一步完善。就《民法典》婚姻家庭编而言,《民法典》新增了“优良家风”条款。该条款有其独特的立法背景,其性质属于一项原则性规定,在司法适用中应根据不同情况采用不同适用方法。     

Examining the Salience of Marriage to Offending for Black and Hispanic Men

Despite a considerable body of research demonstrating the beneficial effects of marriage for criminal desistance, data limitations have resulted in much of this work being based on predominantly white, male samples. In light of the rapidly changing demographic landscape of the US—and particularly the tremendous growth in the Hispanic population—the question of whether the benefits of marriage are generalizable to racial and ethnic minorities is an important one. This research extends prior work on the relationship between marriage and offending by assessing whether the benefits of marriage for criminal offending extend to today’s racial and ethnic minority populations. Using a contemporary sample of 3,560 young adult Hispanic, black and white males followed annually for 13?years spanning the transition to adulthood, we find that while marriage is a potent predictor of desistance for all groups, the benefits of marriage vary substantially across both race and ethnicity.     

Low fertility and concurrent birth control policy in China

China’s one-child policy, introduced in the late 1970s, has been in effect for over three decades. This article reviews China’s low fertility rate and the implementation of this stringent birth control policy in the context of low fertility. First, China’s fertility intention, behavior, and low fertility level trend are presented. Then, the official response to the low fertility level and the consequent misguided policy-making are investigated. Next, various obstacles to the abolishment of the strict birth control policy are discussed, including national leaders’ authority, related family planning regulations and laws, the inertia of this basic state policy under the auspices of the common good, the displacement of the family planning systems, and the necessity for social maintenance fees to keep grassroots governments in operation. After discussing the recent reform of this birth control policy in 2013 and the subsequent results, the incentives for a universal two-child policy are elucidated. These include the official acknowledgment of low fertility, the effect of birth control policy on fertility decline, the reactions of the general public, the attitudes of grassroots family planning cadres, the appeal from scholars, international experiences, the merging of population and family planning commissions, and national leaders’ attitudes. The paper concludes with an analysis of the cost of this birth control policy over the past decades.     

欧洲民法典草案债务人补救权研究

合同各方当事人均应严格按合同及法律之规定履行各自义务。一旦债务人未能按合同及法律规定履行义务的,债权人有权追究债务人之违约责任。然而基于诚实信用原则、鼓励交易与合同维持精神等,欧洲民法典草案赋予债务人在履行不符时补救其履行之权利。但基于债务人与债权人利益之平衡,欧洲民法典草案同时为债务人之补救权设定了一定条件。欧洲民法典草案的这些规定对于我国民法典债务人补救权制度的起草具有重要借鉴意义。     

Quality of Life,Transportation Costs,and Federal Housing Assistance: Leveling the Playing Field

Abstract

Federal housing subsidies are allocated without regard to spatial differences in the cost of living or quality of life. In this article, we calculate housing subsidy payments for participants in the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program and demonstrate that these subsidies are significantly related to metropolitan quality-of-life differentials. We then estimate amenity-adjusted subsidies and compare these estimates with data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Location Affordability Portal. Our analysis yields three insights regarding the relationship between federal housing assistance payments (HAP), metropolitan quality-of-life differentials, and transportation cost burdens. First, HCV HAP show a strong inverse correlation with household transportation expenditures, and this is particularly pronounced for low-income households. Thus, HAP do not address location affordability because those living in high-transportation cost metropolitan areas receive the lowest housing subsidies. Second, we present evidence that HAP are positively related to metropolitan quality-of-life differentials. This suggests that high-amenity metropolitan areas also tend to be the most affordable from a transportation cost perspective. Third, our proposed amenity-adjusted HAP strongly reduce the inverse relationship between HAP and transportation cost burdens.     

从《物权法》第106条的规定审视我国的善意取得制度

善意取得制度适用范围的扩大,是我国《物权法》的一大特点,将善意取得制度扩大适用于不动产,体现了对交易安全的着重保护,然而考察传统民法的体系可以发现,对不动产的交易安全,往往是由公示公信原则来保护的,这样的体系在大多数大陆法系国家的民法典中也得到了一致的遵循。那么,将善意取得适用于不动产后,如何与公示公信原则衔接便成了一个重要的问题。考察《物权法》草案,可以发现,原本的善意取得有四个要件,而最后出台的《物权法》删去了其中的“转让合同有效”这一要件,这一修改很难找出其学理上的依据,且与民法体系不合。     

论善治理论对高校学生社区管理的指导意义

兴起于20世纪90年代的西方治理理论中的“善治”理论为各国提供了管理上的创新模型和分析框架。善治是实现高校学生社区管理目标的重要途径,其合作治理理念为高校学生社区管理提供了新的管理思路。善治的基本特征为高校学生社区管理提供了所应坚持的原则。善治也是改善学生社区环境、社区服务、社区文化的有效途径。