善于学习、敢于胜利的党——对85年党史观察思考之一

85年的党史是极其丰富的宝藏,认真研究我们党善于学习,勇夺胜利这方面的经验教训,更自觉地在新世纪的实践中运用和发展,是纪念党的生日的很好的实际行动,特别要在现实的切入点上下功夫。     

享乐主义论析

享乐主义是以个人欲望的贪得无厌和行为的自由放纵为主要特征的人生观。享乐主义不仅同快乐主义、乐观主义、物质利益原则有着根本区别,也不同于正常的娱乐。享乐主义的产生和发展,有着深刻的社会根源和认识根源。充分认识享乐主义的危害,树立科学的人生观和幸福观,是个人自我发展和完善的需要,也是社会健康发展的客观要求。     

对低保人员做义工的法理学思考

在现代社会保障制度下,提供低保是政府无条件的责任,而享受低保是受助者无义务的权利.权利义务对等或权利义务相结合的观点并不能为低保人员应该参加公益劳动之规定提供法理依据.地方政府在实施最低生活保障制度时不能走偏,应充分贯彻中央"应保尽保"的低保政策.     

满足欲望,自我选择——西方的"生活方式"女性主义

本文前半部分通过珍爱选择和争取同性恋结婚权的实例,说明西方女性主义在实践中的分野,以及在全球消费大潮中所面临的理论困境。在文章的后半部分,主要谈了生活方式女性主义同消费文化的关系。文章认为,女性主义,无论是西方的或是中国的,如果把着眼点放在个人选择上,就会丧失它和社会历史的相关性,成为中产阶级妇女无病呻吟的场所,如果非要将生活方式的选择说成也是一种政治性的,那么这种政治就是一种消极的政治、一种自恋的政治。作者指出,女性主义不是真理,是对自身所处的某种社会权力结构的反应,常常受主流文化的影响。当前美国正向世界武力地、文化地、经济地推行自身的生活方式,处在这样的历史时期,如何认识西欧和美国的传统价值观,是对全球女性主义的挑战。     

The counterfactual fallacy: Confusing what might have been with what ought to have been

The thesis of this article is that reactions to misfortunes are often biased by the counterfactual fallacy: the tendency to view events that can easily be imagined otherwise as events that ought not to have been. Drawing upon a diverse set of empirical findings we demonstrate that victims' and observers' reactions to misfortunes depend on the extent to which the event prompts them to generate counterfactual thoughts or images of more positive alternatives. We discuss the factors that determine the ease with which a negative event can be imagined otherwise, along with their relevance to a variety of justice-relevant responses, including perceptions of deservingness, recommendations for compensation, and blame assignment.     

THE INTERACTION OF ANTISOCIAL PROPENSITY AND LIFE‐COURSE VARYING PREDICTORS OF DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR: DIFFERENCES BY METHOD OF ESTIMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY*

Recent criminological research has explored the extent to which stable propensity and life‐course perspectives may be integrated to provide a more comprehensive explanation of variation in individual criminal offending. One line of these integrative efforts focuses on the ways that stable individual characteristics may interact with, or modify, the effects of life‐course varying social factors. Given their consistency with the long‐standing view that person–environment interactions contribute to variation in human social behavior, these theoretical integration attempts have great intuitive appeal. However, a review of past criminological research suggests that conceptual and empirical complexities have, so far, somewhat dampened the development of a coherent theoretical understanding of the nature of interaction effects between stable individual antisocial propensity and time‐varying social variables. In this study, we outline and empirically assess several of the sometimes conflicting hypotheses regarding the ways that antisocial propensity moderates the influence of time‐varying social factors on delinquent offending. Unlike some prior studies, however, we explicitly measure the interactive effects of stable antisocial propensity and time‐varying measures of selected social variables on changes in delinquent offending. In addition, drawing on recent research that suggests that the relative ubiquity of interaction effects in past studies may be partly from the poorly suited application of linear statistical models to delinquency data, we alternatively test our interaction hypotheses using least‐squares and tobit estimation frameworks. Our findings suggest that method of estimation matters, with interaction effects appearing readily in the former but not in the latter. The implications of these findings for future conceptual and empirical work on stable propensity/time‐varying social variable interaction effects are discussed.     

经济公益诉讼地位研究

经济公益诉讼地位的不确定及其制度的缺失使诸多侵害国家、社会和不特定多数人利益的违法行为得不到有效制裁,这在一定程度上影响了法治建设的推进。公益诉讼作为一种维护社会公共利益的特殊方式,为公众已经觉醒的民主意识和法制观念提供了一个新的施展平台,公益诉讼制度有利于国家利益和社会公共利益的全面维护,有利于监督并提高行政机关依法办事的水平。     

论消费者的法律界定

我国的《消费者权益保护法》实施以来,已成为广大消费者用以保护自身合法权益的有力武器。但随着市场经济的发展,它自身也显示出了一些不适应性。文章从其对消费者概念界定模糊不清这一突出问题出发,总结现今我国关于消费者界定的立法现状,进而提出笔者的有关立法建议,即将消费者在法律上采用排除法界定为“除生产消费以外,购买、使用商品或接受服务的人。”     

人权公约与生命权的刑法保护的比较研究

生命权是国际社会公认的基本人权。珍爱生命、保护生命权日益成为联合国国际人权公约和国际社会所致力追求的目标。刑法作为一国法律体系的重要组成部分,由于其保护法益的广泛性、重要性及其对违法行为制裁的严厉性,使得刑法对公民生命权的保护较之其他部门法而言更具举足轻重的意义。但就刑法对生命权的保护方式而言,中外刑法则主要通过对杀人罪的规定与限制和废除死刑两种"相对"的———或称"因果"的方式而完成的。从《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》的角度,就我国刑法对生命权的保护及其立法完善进行探讨,能使现行刑法较好较早地与国际人权公约接轨。