Actions Speak Louder than Words: A Behavioral Analysis of 183 Individuals Convicted for Terrorist Offenses in the United States from 1995 to 2012

Involvement in terrorism has traditionally been discussed in relatively simplistic ways with little effort spent on developing a deeper understanding of what involvement actually entails, and how it differs from person to person. In this paper, we present the results of a three‐year project focused on 183 individuals associated with the global jihadist movement who were convicted in the United States, for terrorist offenses, between 1995 and 2012. These data were developed by a large‐scale, open‐source data collection activity that involved a coding dictionary of more than 120 variables. We identify and explore the diversity of behaviors that constitute involvement in terrorism. We also compare lone actors and those who acted as part of a group, finding that lone actors differed from group‐based actors in key demographic attributes and were more likely to be involved in attack execution behaviors. Implications for counterterrorism are then discussed.     

TESTING THE TRANSITIVITY OF REPORTED RISK PERCEPTIONS: EVIDENCE OF COHERENT ARBITRARINESS

An often implicit assumption of perceptual deterrence tests is that the elicited values pertaining to arrest risk reflect stable underlying beliefs. But researchers in other disciplines have found that reported expectations are highly susceptible to exogenous factors (e.g., anchors and question ordering), indicating that such values are somewhat arbitrary responses to probabilistic questions. At the same time, reported expectations are coherent within persons, such that respondents rank order them rationally. For deterrence, then, absolute values reported on arrest risks are likely not stable but individuals still rank order specific crimes in meaningful ways. We examine the interpretability of reported arrest risk for three possibilities: 1) Reported risks are stable probabilistic values; 2) reported risks are arbitrary and uninformative for deterrence research; or 3) reported risks display “coherent arbitrariness” with unstable values between individuals but stable rank ordering of crimes within individuals. Through the use of three random experiments of college students, our results indicate that elicited risk perceptions are arbitrary in that they are influenced by the presentation of anchors and question ordering. Nevertheless, the rank ordering of crimes within and across conditions is unaffected by the presentation of anchors, suggesting that reported risks are locally coherent within persons.     

公共卫生事件风险沟通中社会信任问题研究

在风险社会中,有针对性地进行风险沟通已成为应对风险不确定性的有效手段.随着我国经济的迅速发展,具有"脱域"特质的陌生人社会逐步形成,且移动智能终端进一步普及使得生活场景向虚拟化趋势发展,社会生活现状的改变对风险沟通提出了新要求.应从风险治理、立法完善、专家系统以及公众参与等方面着手完善公共卫生事件风险沟通中的社会信任机...     

医疗责任保险制度初探

笔者从医疗风险、医疗责任保险的可保性及医疗责任保险的性质与意义等方面多角度的进行详细的论述,对医疗责任保险制度在国内外的发展及现状进行了较为客观的分析,最后结合我国实际,在借鉴国内外成功经验的基础上提出了我国建立医疗责任保险制度的初步构想。     

“一带一路”区域劳动关系风险状况与发展趋势

"一带一路"倡议提出以来,对国家贸易拉动效应明显,但中资企业劳动关系受区域风险因素影响逐步显现。各区域风险因素中,国家因素是首要原因,雇主和工程因素次之。在"一带一路"24个港口国家中有20个国家的劳动关系风险集中在中度风险,而阿尔及利亚与巴哈马的劳动关系风险等级是高度风险,安全度最低,加拿大与坦桑尼亚为一般风险,安全度最高。中资企业与当地的政治、经济、文化、社会环境产生互联融通,使中国劳动关系总体呈现"两极化"的发展态势:一极向微观网络延伸,伴随互联网+平台企业的崛起,劳动关系风险呈现网络化发展趋势;另一极向宏观区域延伸,伴随"一带一路"倡议的推进,劳动关系风险呈现区域化趋势。     

消费者对互联网银行的可接受度问题研究

互联网银行能否取得成功很大程度上取决于消费者对其的接受程度。西方互联网银行的发展早于中国,所以对其研究也早于中国,但这些早期研究对中国仍有启发意义。本文在借鉴西方学者研究基础上,综述了研究消费者是否接受互联网银行的相关理论,分析了影响消费者对互联网银行可接受度的相关因素,并着重从消费者的风险感知视角研究了影响消费者接受互联网银行的风险,最后就如何发展中国互联网银行提出了政策建议。     

资本全球化的生态风险及其规避

资本主义崛起和发展的历史是一部资本全球化的历史,即资本流向全球、在全世界扩张蔓延的历史。在此历史过程中,造成资本积累的空间矛盾与生态危机的全球化,不断加剧对欠发达国家或地区生态空间的占有与剥夺。发展中国家总体上处于全球产业链的底端,在追求经济社会发展的道路上不可避免地会遇到资本全球化的生态风险挑战,甚至陷入资本权力构筑的生态陷阱。面对全球化浪潮与资本的全球化,发展中国家不可能完全拒斥资本,但也不能对其听之任之,应建立国内统一大市场,掌握经济社会发展的主动权;设立生态门槛,限制和导控国际资本;聚合广大发展中国家之力,构建国际公认的生态话语权;推进人类命运共同体建设,加强全球生态治理,维护全球生态安全,在持续推进全球化进程中实现人与自然的和谐共生。     

我国网络信贷风险规制法律问题研究

网络信贷正在日益改变金融资源循环的模式,并对正统金融配置失衡起着有力的抗衡与补正作用,但是网络自身的特点也加剧了这种资金供求链断裂的风险。同时,既有法律的禁止性或限制性规定,或规则本身的含糊不清也成为网贷一时尚难以跨越的障碍。系统地认知网贷风险,并以此为基础来决定法律应有的态度及划定网贷平台企业的业务边界是风险规制的关键所在。     

THE FUNNY SIDE OF DRUG DEALING: RISK,HUMOR, AND NARRATIVE IDENTITY

In this study, we explore the role humor plays in the narrated identities of drug dealers, in their negotiation of the threat of formal punishment, and in their cultural membership and authority. By drawing from interview and observation data gathered from 33 active drug dealers residing in St. Louis, Missouri, we find that humor facilitates identity work among illicit drug dealers in several ways. Humor is an important symbolic boundary marker distinguishing dealers from others they consider “stupid” or less circumspect. It also indicates dealers’ identities as “smart” and simultaneously establishes and validates their subcultural authority and membership in the symbolic group of “smart” dealers. Furthermore, drug dealers use denigrating humor in their narratives to distance their former and virtual identities from their present identities. Finally, humor also reduces dealers’ perceptions of the threats posed by police and potential snitches by casting dealers’ present identities and former reactions to the threat of punishment in a positive light. We conclude by discussing implications for narrative criminology, extant humor research, and current understanding of symbolic boundaries, identity work, and deterrence.