关于我国合同法及其司法解释限制强制性规范位阶的实证思考

违法合同的效力认定涉及到私法自治和公法强制、当事人利益与社会公共利益之间的紧张关系，一直困扰着我国的民事理论和实务。本文通过实证、比较、逻辑等多视角分析，认为应将《合同法》第五十二条第5项（违法）纳入《合同法》第五十二条第4项（损害社会公共利益）的射程当中，从而一律通过利益衡量的方法来决定违法合同的效力。     

中国传统社会政治规范中的和谐元素

追求和谐、崇尚和美是中国传统文化的核心和要义。中国传统社会政治规范中的和谐思想有很多。“德”沟通“天”与“人”,同时,在人与人之间、社会各阶层之间充当着黏合剂的角色,可以说其周身散发着“和谐”元素的气息;“礼”从调整血缘亲属的关系入手强调“分”、“别”、“异”,目的仍在“和”;“天下为公”的大同理想蕴含了大量的“公有”、“公平”、“平等”、“平均”等和谐元素;仁是儒家推行“仁政”的基础,作为一种政治主张,其价值取向就是社会和谐;中庸主义体现了求和谐、求适时、求合宜、求稳定的思维方法和行为方法。     

The Russian case for military intervention in Georgia: international law,norms and political calculation

Abstract

The Russian military intervention in Georgia in August 2008 has raised significant questions about Russian thinking and practice on the legitimate use of military force abroad, especially in relation to neighbour states. The arguments advanced by Russia to justify this campaign show how Russian interpretations of customary international law as well as norms related to the use of force have served as an instrument of state policy, rather than being rooted in any broader international consensus. The Russian discourse in this context about sovereignty, self-determination and the legitimacy of recognising South Ossetia and Abkhazia as states appears similarly to be strongly influenced by political self-interest and Russian views about its entitlement within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region. Among Russian claims, Moscow's commitment to support its ‘citizens’ abroad has been particularly controversial. This article examines these issues and also the possibility that, through its justifications for waging war against Georgia, Russia is more broadly contesting the interpretation of certain international norms, that it regards as essentially constructed by Western states. Some potential implications of these legal and normative arguments for future Russian policy in the CIS region, including Ukraine, are also examined.     

对妨害出入境管理法律规范适用的评析

《中华人民共和国出入境管理法》将于2013年7月1日起施行,但由于我国出入境管理法律规范繁多,不可避免地出现了刑法与行政法之间的冲突,行政法规范相关条文之间的冲突等法律适用冲突的问题。本文通过对法律沿革并对现行法律的冲突之处进行分析研究,提出法律冲突解决原则、制定统一的法律和法律解释等意见建议,以期为解决出入境管理法律规范冲突问题提供借鉴。     

ASEAN's norm adherence and its unintended consequences in HADR and SAR operations

This paper examines the effects and expressions of norm compliance in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the ‘unintended consequences’ arising from such compliance. This is done through an analysis of ASEAN's responses in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) efforts in the Typhoon Haiyan disaster and in the search for missing flight MH370. It argues that the lethargic ASEAN responses in the Haiyan disaster and the uncoordinated search efforts for missing flight MH370 are unintended outcomes arising from norm adherence specifically to the norms of ‘respect for sovereignty’ and ‘consensual decision-making’ which constrained the range of ASEAN responses.     

试论中国法治语境下犯罪本质的理论选择——规范违反说之提倡

我国的犯罪本质理论研究应当在中国法治的语境中进行，并着力解决中国法治对刑法学提出的突出问题。社会危害性理论是在社会政治论域中对犯罪本质的认识，无法适应法治的要求；法益侵害说也不符合中国法治的实际；犯罪本质的规范违反说才是当下中国法治建设中的有关犯罪本质的理论。     

商主体制度的逻辑理路与规范展开

商主体是交易与组织的混合机制。商主体规范应当立足于不同主体的交易性与组织性特征的不同表现而展开。组织性色彩越浓厚,对商法的需求就越强烈,就越需要由商主体特别法给予某种示范或者强制。如何规范商主体人格独立的五重要素,是商主体制度建构的核心问题。在规范设计中,应围绕财产性规范与管理性规范两范畴,处理好规范的强制性与任意性的关系。一般而言,商主体制度的财产性规范是强制性的,而管理性规范的强制性则因为主体类型的不同而有别。     

论司法鉴定体制改革的实践与探索

党的十六届六中全会决定中提出了构建社会主义和谐社会的任务,其中之一就是改革包括司法鉴定体制在内的司法制度。司法鉴定既是科学技术的实证活动,也是依法参与诉讼的活动,是科学性与法律性的统一。这种双重属性决定了司法鉴定的发展方向、管理制度以及管理模式。在构建和谐社会的进程中,必须完成两个转变:首先是要把各类纠纷和矛盾纳入到法治的轨道上,使政治的、经济的和社会的各种问题转化为法律问题;第二是要把法律问题与技术问题分开,运用科学技术的手段,公正、客观、有效地化解各类社会冲突和争端。如何在构建和谐社会的实践中进一步深化体制改革,完善制度规范,作者提出了若干亟需探索的问题。     

德日构成要件理论的嬗变——贝林及其之后的理论发展

德日刑法学上的构成要件理论发端于贝林提出的构成要件概念。然而,在此之后,德日构成要件理论经过近一个多世纪的发展,因主观的构成要件要素、规范的构成要件要素的发现以及消极的构成要件理论的影响,构成要件概念已然脱离了原初的客观的、价值中立的特点,进而发展成为内含有客观要素与主观要素并具有不同内涵和多层次的概念。     

Trust,vulnerable populations,and genetic data sharing

Recent policies and proposed regulations, including the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for the Common Rule and the 2014 NIH Genetic Data Sharing Policy, seek to improve research subject protections. Protections for subjects whose genetic data is shared are critical to reduce risks such as loss of confidentiality, stigma, and discrimination. In the article ‘It depends whose data are being shared: considerations for genomic data sharing policies’, Robinson et al. provide a response to our article, ‘The Growth and Gaps of Genetic Data Sharing Policies’. Robinson et al. highlight the importance of individual and group preferences. In this article, we extend the conversation on models for improving protections which will mitigate consequences for individuals and groups that are vulnerable to stigma and discrimination.