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141.
ABSTRACTSecurity Sector Reform (SSR) remains a key feature of peacebuilding interventions and is usually undertaken by a state alongside national and international partners. External actors engaged in SSR tend to follow a normative agenda that often has little regard for the context in post-conflict societies. Despite recurrent criticism, SSR practices of international organisations and bilateral donors often remain focused on state institutions, and often do not sufficiently attend to alternative providers of security or existing normative frameworks of security. This article provides a critical overview of existing research and introduces the special issue on ‘Co-operation, Contestation and Complexity in Post-Conflict Security Sector Reform’. We explore three aspects that add an important piece to the puzzle of what constitutes effective SSR. First, the variation of norm adoption, norm contestation and norm imposition in post-conflict countries that might explain the mixed results in terms of peacebuilding. Second, the multitude of different security actors within and beyond the state which often leads to multiple patterns of co-operation and contestation within reform programmes. And third, how both the multiplicity of and tension between norms and actors further complicate efforts to build peace or, as complexity theory would posit, influence the complex and non-linear social system that is the conflict-affected environment. 相似文献
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143.
语言世界是个十分模糊的世界。从哲学角度来看,语义的模糊性是绝对的,而明确性是相对的,由此决定了建立在成文法基础上的刑法规范也同时具有明确性与模糊性的特征。刑法规范追求明确具体,但从立法技术的角度考察,却并不是越明确越具体越好。实际上,明确与模糊都是相对而言的,限度之内的模糊能够扩充刑法规范的涵摄力,进而为刑法解释提供能动的空间,这也符合诠释学视野下的刑法解释论说。 相似文献
144.
城乡居民之间发生纠纷的深层原因多是风俗习惯与法律之间的规范冲突,以及人们之间以不同社会规范为依据的利益冲突。这是我国社会发展中规范多元、利益多元及城乡发展不平衡的特殊现实,也是人们分析社会问题、解决社会纠纷的基本立足点。因此,在由城市所主导的市场化、信息化向乡村强势推进的过程中,对农村居民仍在延续的、具有现实意义的生活方式及利益诉求,社会应当给予必要的尊重与宽容,而不是简单的否定与排斥。 相似文献
145.
刑法学中事实概念与规范概念之嬗变——基于刑法信条学上犯罪构造理论的考察 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
犯罪构造理论在刑法学历史上占据举足轻重的地位。它标志着现代刑法的诞生,自此犯罪被牢牢地与刑法法规连在一起,罪刑法定原则亦从宣言走向实践。可以说,作为刑法学支柱的犯罪构造理论,其重要性体现在对刑法学知识体系的正当性建基。回顾刑法学的发展沿革,从古典犯罪论体系到新古典犯罪论体系、目的主义犯罪论体系再到目的理性主义犯罪体系,犯罪构造理论走出了一条从纯粹的事实到不断融入规范因素的轨迹,而对于犯罪构造理论中事实概念与规范概念的廓清在当下刑法学界显得尤为必要。 相似文献
146.
宪法作为行政法直接渊源是在技术层面所作的分析,对于宪法的实施与实现以及解决宪法与行政法的关系有深层次意义。它具有体现宪法规制力、弥补行政法不足、将宪法权利类型化、构造一国法治体系的价值。当然,鉴于宪法与行政法的质的区别,宪法原则、宪法中的政治性条款、宪法中的非行政性规则不能作为行政法的直接渊源。 相似文献
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148.
ABSTRACTWhile extant assessments of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) have focused on institutional and regulatory regimes, such evaluations have largely tended to depoliticise institutions. This article argues that a more robust understanding of EITI processes must give central attention to historically situated political structures and power relations that continue to shape the present institutional quality/capacity of extractive industries' transparency, and EITI reforms. Assessing the EITI in Africa through the lens of historical institutionalism clarifies how global governance regimes interface with specific institutional pathways, state-corporation-civil society configurations, and historical legacies to produce outcomes that may complement or undermine intended reforms. 相似文献
149.
随着全球信息通信产业的深度融合,供应链已日益成为网络空间中主要的安全威胁来源,各国在供应链安全领域对国际规范的需求日益提升。然而,以2015年联合国信息安全政府专家组报告为共识基础的"GGE供应链规范"由于在内容上过于专注西方国家所重视的技术攻击威胁,忽视了中国等发展中国家避免对环境进行干预和扰乱的需求,导致了"技术安全观"与"环境安全观"之间的倾向差异。加之存在条文表述上的模糊与缺陷,"GGE供应链规范"无法满足当前的现实安全需要。应当在兼顾各方立场的基础上,构建供应链生态系统总体安全观,并厘定新的总规范表述以统领整个体系架构。 相似文献
150.
Over the past two decades, South Africa has sought to perform several roles on the world stage, such as the economic dynamo of Southern Africa, a diplomatic heavyweight representing the African continent, and a norm leader on the world stage as a so-called ‘middle-power’. Although South Africa's evolution and rise as an important player in global affairs has generated a welcome body of critical scholarly literature, comparatively little analysis has been allocated to understanding how norm dynamics and the country's ever-evolving international identities have enabled it to construct and reconstruct its ‘interests’. Social constructivism is best suited for such an analysis because it can operationalise norms, commitments, identities, and interests, and it provides the epistemological tools to map the increasingly multilateral connections between global, regional, and domestic forums. By employing a rationalist approach to constructivism, this paper remedies the aforementioned gap in the literature by illustrating how South Africa constructs and reconstructs its identities and interests in relation to membership in international organisations (IOs). To that end, the paper examines the evolution of South Africa's participation in the African Union (especially ‘peacekeeping’ contributions) and the International Criminal Court. The paper concludes by assessing the theoretical implications and practical ramifications of the norm dynamics involved in South Africa's commitment to these two IOs. 相似文献