公共部门绩效评估存在的问题与对策

公共部门绩效评估在具体实施过程中出现不少问题,主要表现在评估主体单一化、评估指标体系不够全面科学、评估程序随意性较大及定性评估方法运用过多等。完善公共部门绩效评估体系,保证评估结果的合理有效,应建构多元化的评估主体、选择科学的指标体系、设计规范的评估程序、运用定性和定量相结合的综合评估方法。     

中国电子信息产业运行问题思考--2003年回顾与2004年展望

2003年中国信息产业运行状况良好,业绩突出.产业运行问题,表现在技术创新能力不足、核心技术乏力;宏观调控与市场机制的衔接协调;国际贸易纠纷等方面.展望2004年,协调市场机制和政府干预两者的关联,协调对外贸易争端是中国电子信息产业经济运行紧迫的任务.     

公共部门绩效评估初探

公共绩效可以定义为公共部门在积极履行公共责任的过程中 ,在讲求内部管理与外部效应、数量与质量、经济因素与政治伦理因素、刚性规范与柔性机制相统一的基础上 ,获得的公共产出最大化。公共绩效评估困难的主要原因是管理目标复杂、产品形态特殊、产品标准多维、价格机制缺乏和生产要素独特。绩效评估的核心是建构评估模式 ,评估模式主要包括主题、维度和示标三方面内容     

The impact of downsizing on the corporate reputation for social performance

This paper investigates the impact of downsizing on a firm's reputation for corporate social performance (RCSP). Drawing on the downsizing, corporate reputation and social responsibility literatures, a number of hypotheses concerning the impact of downsizing, and particularly the types of downsizing, on a firm's reputation for corporate social performance are developed and empirically tested. The main findings of this study are that, while downsizing seems to have a negative impact on the firm's RCSP, when one takes into account the kind of managerial action that led to downsizing (layoffs and/or divestitures), this impact differs between the two stakeholder groups, industry executives and financial analysts, which were investigated. This study also found that a high financial performance prior to downsizing led to a greater negative impact on the firm's RCSP. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications     

监狱人民警察队伍专业化建设的理性思考

监狱警察专业化是维护监狱安全稳定、提高行刑效率和改造质量、实现司法公正的基本保障,也是推进社会主义监狱法治和现代化建设的内在要求。监狱警察队伍专业化建设的基本思路,旨在从新的视角调整监狱警察结构;在管理机制上有新的探索;在教育培训上有新的突破;在专业化分类上有新的拓展。     

Livelihood strategies and performance of Ghana's health and education sectors: exploring the connections

The public sector in Africa is riddled with widespread ineffectiveness. Although some countries have implemented various reform programmes with the support of international development agencies, the results so far have been disappointing. One reason for the failure is that the policies have focussed more on achieving macroeconomic stability than making the organisations effective. This article explores a fundamental problem of the policies—the need to focus on the human component of organisational performance. Using education and health organisations in Ghana as examples, the article advances a hypothesis that the livelihood strategies of public sector employees and the performance of their organisations are interconnected. Specifically, it is argued that as public sector employees have become more dependent on multiple sources of income, they have developed multiple social identities, which influence the culture of their organisations. The organisational culture may have encouraged employee effectiveness in some cases, but for most organisations, it has resulted in practices that perpetuate inefficiency and poor performance. To be successful, public sector reform policies must therefore involve deliberate efforts to change organisational cultures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Caribbean electricity restructuring: an assessment

This article assesses the privatisation of the electricity sector in two Caribbean countries, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, to determine if they have been successful and whether they have contributed benefits to the respective societies. Two general methods are applied in assessing the success of the divestments; attainment of governments' stated objectives and commonly used utility performance metrics together with social and customer focus indicators. The results indicate that the stated objectives were broadly achieved, and the privatisation and its attempts brought benefits to the consumers and the society in general. The short to medium term benefits were accrued through lower labour costs per unit of electricity, higher performance of plant and operations and business led decision‐making. Long‐term benefits are accrued through the reduction or elimination of electricity supply deficits. However, although the basic privatisations were successful, the absence of an adequate regulatory framework in one case may have reduced the quantum of benefits through failure to enforce continuous improvement in the privatised generation company, and reductions in worker rents in the public distribution company. Further, benefits were reduced by long divestment processes, accompanying strategic drift, opportunity costs from delayed sale proceeds and efficiency enhancement, and the costs to sustain interim operations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于我国防范外来入侵物种的立法研究

目前,美国、澳大利亚、新西兰等受到外来入侵物种的侵害比较严重的国家,都先后建立了防治外来物种入侵的各种技术准则,并进行了相应的立法。与发达国家相比,我国对于外来入侵物种的研究仍处于起始阶段,其主要缺陷如下:第一,缺乏一部防范外来入侵物种的专门性法律;第二,对于外来入侵物种的分类存在缺陷;第三,相关部门之间缺乏协调性。因此,应在坚持风险预防原则的正确指导下,制定消除和控制外来入侵物种的应急措施和长期措施及恢复本土生物多样性的法律规定,并完善相应的法律责任。     

试析越南的金融改革

自越共“六大”后,越南在经济改革和金融改革的推动下,经济增长保持了比较快的速度。本文认为越南的经济之所以能够取得比较大的成效,很大程度上得益于在经济改革的同时对金融部门进行了改革,特别是利率的自由化和汇率政策的调整,促使越南的银行规模有所扩大,效率相比改革前得到明显提高。因此本文的主题就是对越南的金融改革进行一个梳理,明白金融改革所带来的绩效以及改革中存在的问题,明确下一步改革的方向。