“私小说”创作流变－－郁达夫、陈染小说比较

郁达夫、陈染是本世纪初期和本世纪末期在“私小说”创作领域颇有成就的两位代表作家。他们以自己的亲身经历或亲身感受抒写着人类共同的情感体验 :孤独、苦闷、对爱情的追求和对死亡的思考。本文拟从这几个方面来比较一下这两位作家创作的异同     

关于中国个人信用制度的构建

个人信用制度作为整个信用制度的重要内容,对我国启动消费、扩大内需、刺激经济的发展具有重大意义。鉴于目前我国建立个人信用制度的紧迫性和必要性以及我国目前个人信用制度的起步状况、存在的问题,发展个人信用制度需要解决五方面的问题。     

Prolonged Electro-muscular Incapacitation in a Porcine Model Causes Spinal Injury

Conducted electrical weapons are designed to cause temporary electro-muscular incapacitation (EMI) without significant injury. The objective of this study was to assess the risk and cause of spinal injury due to exposure to a benchtop EMI device. Porcine subjects were exposed to 19 and 40 Hz electrical stimuli for a prolonged duration of 30 sec. X-ray imaging, necropsy, and accelerometry found that lumbosacral spinal fractures occurred in at least 89% of all subjects, regardless of the stimulus group, and were likely caused by musculoskeletal fatigue-related stress in the lumbosacral spine. Spinal fractures occurred in the porcine model at an unusually high rate compared to human. This may be due to both the prolonged duration of electrical stimulation and significant musculoskeletal differences between humans and pigs, which suggests that the porcine model is not a good model of EMI-induced spinal fracture in humans.     

算法自动化决策中“同意”的异化与修正 ——以保护新业态从业者的个人信息为视角

近年来，新业态从业者的人数不断增加，如何有效保障新业态从业者的合法权益成为社会热议 的话题。新业态从业者的个人信息权益是其个人合法权益的重要组成部分，而个人信息保护中的知情同意规则却 未能有效保护新业态从业者的个人信息，甚至异化为算法自动化决策压榨新业态从业者的“阀门”。“同意”不能（完 全）被《个人信息保护法》第 13 条第一款第 2 项所替代，其仍是平台经营者处理新业态从业者个人信息的主要合 法性来源。为保护新业态从业者的个人信息权益，应当基于个人信息的分类对“同意”作出修正。新业态从业者 基于一般个人信息作出的“同意”应属于准法律行为，其法律后果是平台经营者处理个人信息的行为具有合法性。 新业态从业者基于敏感个人信息作出的“单独同意”应属于法律行为，适用法律行为的规则。     

Fatal and Nonfatal Rip Saw Injuries

This paper deals with a fatal stab wound suffered by a 29-year-old man and nonfatal injuries of 35-year-old and 67-year-old saw operators. Rip saw is a machine that is specially designed for making a rip cut, a cut made parallel to the direction of the wood grain. Rip-saw-related injuries mostly occur when a person is struck by the cutting material, which usually involves splinters of irregular shape and diameter. When the splinter strikes the body diagonally, the injuries may include abrasions, lacerations, and cut wounds; in situations where the victim is struck directly, the most common injuries are oval- or star-shaped stab wounds with a varying width of abrasions around the wounds. Therefore, such injuries may come across as injuries produced by a knife-like instrument, which is an added difficulty in the interpretation of such injuries.     

论国家机关处理个人信息的合法性基础

我国个人信息保护法对国家机关处理个人信息作出了特别规定,但未明文解释其适用对象或澄清处理的合法性基础。个人信息保护领域的国家机关应采广义,除了通常的国家机关,还包括法律、法规授权提供公共服务的组织和规章授权组织。根据我国个人信息保护法第13条和民法典第1036条,国家机关处理个人信息具有多元的合法性基础:法定基础包括履行法定职责所必需,订立、履行合同或人事管理所必需,为应急所必需,合理处理已自愿或合法公开的个人信息,法律、行政法规规定的其他情形;意定基础指取得个人同意;酌定基础指为维护公共利益或者信息主体合法权益而合理处理个人信息。不同的合法性基础对应不同的告知同意规则,需准确理解适用。     

被害人承诺相关问题探究

欺骗他人相约自杀的,不构成犯罪.在承诺表示方式上,意思方向说较为合理,不应将行为人认识到承诺的存在作为主观的正当化因素.承诺动机的好坏,不应成为考虑承诺有效与否的因素.嫖宿幼女罪的法定刑配置基本上是合理的.一方同意对方重婚的,仍构成重婚罪.组织卖淫罪因有被害人的承诺,不应与没有被害人承诺的强迫卖淫罪配置同样的法定刑,引诱、容留、介绍卖淫罪,因为存在被害人承诺的因素,现行法定刑配置过重.由于拐卖妇女罪保护的法益只是妇女的人身自由,故妇女同意自己被拐卖的,不构成犯罪.     

Personal Criminal Victimization in the United States: Fixed and Random Effects of Individual and Household Characteristics

The present research is concerned with multilevel modeling of personalvictimization rates. Data from the 1994 National Crime Victimization Surveyare employed. Following the routine activities and lifestyle victimizationtheory, individuals' profile and lifestyle as well as characteristics oftheir household comprise the set of explanatory variables. The results ofestimated multilevel negative binomial models, which explicitly disentanglethe unexplained heterogeneity between individuals and between households,are discussed. The estimated random effects of household characteristicsshow that the unexplained heterogeneity for the average number of personalcrimes differs across household types. Further, the individual covariateswith between households random effects become less influential the more thebase personal crime rates are high.     

论侵权行为的可仲裁性

能否对侵权行为给以仲裁,在我国仲裁法律界存在争议。仲裁以解决财产纠纷为己任,侵权的纠纷可以给付金钱来了结,此为侵权行为的可仲裁性提供了可能。但是,侵权包括财产侵权与人身侵权两种类型,对财产侵权,可以仲裁解决纠纷,对人身侵权则不宜采用仲裁解决纠纷。