个人慈善发展滞后的原因考究

个人慈善是我国慈善事业的组成部分之一，在构建和谐社会进程中，能够发挥社会保障资金筹资渠道、公民道德建设载体和直接参与和谐社会建设的作用。目前，与公民个人的经济文化发展水平相比，个人慈善的发展明显滞后，造成个人慈善发展滞后的原因是多方面的，究其原因，现行法律对个人慈善的保护不力是主要原因。有鉴于此，本文从社会学、法学的角度探究影响我国个人慈善发展的社会和法制原因。     

The Effect of Coercion on Aggression and Mental Health Among Reciprocally Violent Couples

Researchers have not investigated mental health outcomes among couples who are reciprocally violent towards each other. The present study investigated differences in partner violence (psychological, physical, and sexual) and mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, hostility, and somatic) between two types of reciprocally violent couples: situational couple violence (SCV) and mutual control violence (MVC). SCV couples use violence to address stressful family conflicts, while MVC couples use violence as a tool to control each other. Participants (N = 609) completed surveys that contained several instruments that measured past violence, coercive behaviors, physical injuries, and mental health symptoms. Results revealed that MVC reported significantly higher levels of violent perpetration and worse physical and mental health than SCV. These findings have implications for understanding the role of coercion in partner violence and mental health, which can be used for the development of appropriate mental health services for couples who are mutually violent towards each other.     

论侵权行为的可仲裁性

能否对侵权行为给以仲裁,在我国仲裁法律界存在争议。仲裁以解决财产纠纷为己任,侵权的纠纷可以给付金钱来了结,此为侵权行为的可仲裁性提供了可能。但是,侵权包括财产侵权与人身侵权两种类型,对财产侵权,可以仲裁解决纠纷,对人身侵权则不宜采用仲裁解决纠纷。     

论挪用公款罪的界定

第58届联合国大会通过的《联合国反腐败公约》,明确规定了可以定罪的9种腐败行为,挪用公款是其中之一。我国刑法对挪用公款罪早有明确规定,但刑法规定比较抽象、概括,以致在理论界和司法实践方面都存在许多问题,本文结合刑法中犯罪构成理论及立法解释、司法解释对挪用公款罪加以分析、界定。     

Identifying Southwest Hispanics using nonmetric traits and the cultural profile

Due to the increasing number of Southwest Hispanics in the United States, as well as the overwhelming number of foreign nationals that die every year trying to enter the United States along the southern United States border with Mexico, new methods for classifying individuals have been established at the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner in Tucson, Arizona (PCOME). For each of the past 5 years, the PCOME has investigated a record number of deaths associated with these border crossings. The overwhelming majority of the identified decedents are Mexican Nationals. However, approximately 25% of these undocumented border crossers have yet to be identified, making it clear that improved methods for human identification are greatly needed. The first goal of this paper is to delineate the suite of skeletal nonmetric traits utilized in assessing Southwest Hispanic ancestry at the PCOME. This suite of nonmetric traits has proven to be an effective component in establishing the "biological profile" of unknown individuals in these cases. The second goal of this paper is to introduce methods used at the PCOME to establish the "cultural profile" of individuals in these cases. The "cultural profile" is a set of identification criteria that include: the geographic context of recovery, personal effects, dental health, and cultural accoutrements. Establishing the "cultural profile" in these cases is essential in identifying individuals as foreign nationals who have died trying to cross the border.     

未成年被告人人身危险性的评估研究——以未成年人社会调查报告的模糊综合评价为视角

未成年人社会调查报告是未成年被告人人身危险性的重要表征,也是审理未成年人刑事案件的重要参考依据。但是由于未成年人社会调查报告本身、法官认定未成年人社会调查报告的心证以及未成年人社会调查报告与人身危险性的相关度等方面存在着模糊性,因此,有必要运用模糊理论综合评价未成年人社会调查报告,以期准确认定未成年被告人的人身危险性的大小。     

Personal Identification by Morphometric Analyses of Intra‐Oral Radiographs of Unrestored Teeth*

Abstract: The aim of this study was to work out a biometric method for personal identification by comparing simulated antemortem and postmortem digital radiographs of unrestored teeth. Intra‐oral radiographs of the inferior right first molar, without restorations, were acquired at two different times in 70 subjects using a standardized technique followed by a morphometric analysis. The program automatically supplied values of the absolute distances, relative distances, shape factors, moments, perimeter values, and the areas of the triangles, which were obtained by joining key reference points. The values for the homologous samples were compared with the heterologous samples. Statistical analysis was then carried out, resulting in a section point value of 0.9992. Higher correlation coefficients indicate positive identification, with less than 2% risk of false positives, and approximately 3% of false negatives. We have also tested the method on dental records from 30 patients in order to demonstrate the specificity and sensitivity of the system.     

Property rights in personal data: Learning from the American discourse

This contribution is an attempt to facilitate a meaningful European discussion on propertization of personal data by explaining the idea as it emerged in its ‘mother-jurisdiction’, the United States. The piece starts with an overview of how the current US legal system addresses the data protection problem and whether, according to the US commentators, the law does it effectively. Furthermore, the contribution presents propertization of personal information as an alternative to the existing data protection regime and one of the ways to fill in the alleged gaps in the US data protection system. The article maps the US propertization debate. Pro-propertization arguments are considered from economic perspective as well as from the perspective of the limitations of the US legal and political system. In continuation it analyses proposals on how property rights in personal data would have to be regulated, if at all, in case the idea of propertization is accepted. The main points of criticism of propertization are also sketched. The article concludes with a brief summary of the US propertization discourse and, most importantly, with a list of the lessons Europeans can learn from their American counterparts engaging in the debate in the home jurisdiction. Among the main messages is that the outcome of the debate depends on the definition of the problem propertization is called on to tackle, and that it is the substance of the actual rights with regard to personal data that matters, and not whether we label them as property rights or not.     

从许霆案和刘涌案看人格与人身危险性

人身危险性是影响量刑的因素,是实施宽严相济刑事政策的重要依据.而许霆案与刘涌案正好是根据人身危险性大小从宽与从严的典型案例.人身危险性的大小主要依靠人格特征来判断,人格具有整体性和可测性,共同性和差异性,自然性和社会性,稳定性和可变性,内隐性和外显性.     

论学校在体育伤害事故中的法律责任

体育教学是学校教学活动的重要组成的部分,但由于体育运动本身所固有的危险性和其他外界偶然性因素的影响,体育教学过程中经常发生不同情况的伤害事故。从学校和学生的法律关系分析中可以看出,学校应当承担的民事责任包括侵权责任和违约责任,但是学校可以根据法律规定和当事人的约定在特定情况下免除责任。